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AP Gov flashcards

Unit 1 flashcards

TermDefinition
Bicameral legislature 2 house legislature
Block grant Money granted by the federal government to the states for a broad purpose(e.g., transportation) than for a narrow purpose (e.g., school lunch program)
Categorical grant Money granted by the federal government to the states for a narrow purpose (e.g., school lunch lunch program) than a broad program (e.g., transportation)
Checks and Balances System in which each branch of government can limit the power of the other 2 branches, e.g., presidential veto of a congressional law
Commerce Clause Gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states, with foreign nations, and Indian tribes. Granted through Article I, section 8 of Constitution.
Concurrent powers Those held by Congress and the states e.g., establishing law enforcement agencies.
Devolution Transfer of power from a central government to state or local governments emphasizes less interference from the central government.
Elastic Clause States that Congress can exercise those powers that are "necessary and proper" for carrying out the enumerated powers, e.g., establishment of the first Bank of the United States
Enumerated powers Those that are specifically granted to Congress in Article I, section 8 of the Constitutionm e.g., the power to tax. Also known as expressed powers.
Federalism Constitutional sharing of power between a central government and state governments. There are 3 different varieties: Dual, Cooperative, and Fiscal.
Dual federalism System in which the national government and state government are COEQUAL, with each being dominant in its respective sphere.
Cooperative federalism System in which both federal government and state governments cooperate in solving problems
Fiscal federalism System in which funding is divided between the federal, state, and local governments.
Federalist Papers Group of 85 essays written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay for the purpose of persuading the people of New York to adopt the Constitution.
Formal Amendment A change in the actual wording of the Constitution. Proposed by Congress or national convention, and ratified by the states.
Implied powers Those that are "necessary and proper" to carry out Congress' enumerated powers, and are granted to Congress through the elastic clause.
Indirect democracy System in which the people are rule by their representatives. Known as REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY, or REPUBLIC.
Inherent powers Foreign policy powers (e.g., acquiring territory) held by the national government by virtue of its being a national government.
Informal amendment A change in the meaning, but not the wording, of the Constitution, e.g., through a court decision like Brown v Board.
Judicial review Powers of the courts to rule on the constitutionality of laws and government actions. Established by Marbury v Madison, 1803
Mandates Requirements imposed by the national government on the states. Some are unfunded mandates, i.e., they are imposed by the national government, but lack funding
Marbury v Madison, 1803 Established power of JUDICIAL REVIEW
McCulloch v Maryland, 1819 Established principle of national supremacy and validity of implied powers.
Popular Sovereignty Principle in which ultimate political authority rests with the people
Reserved powers Powers held by the states through the 10th amendment. Any power not granted to the US government is "reserved" for the states.
Separation of Powers Principle in which the powers of government are separated among 3 branches: -Legislative -Executive -Judicial
Supermajority A majority greater than a simple majority of one over half, e.g., 3/5, 2/3
US v Lopez, 1995 Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce.
Created by: aly01
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