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Anat Lab Landmarks 1
Anatomy Landmarks EXAM 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Head of humerus | Articulates with the glenoid fossa |
| Anatomical Neck of Humerus | Indistinct area immediately distal to the head |
| Lesser Tubercle of Humerus | Anteriorly, inferior to the head |
| Greater Tubercle of humerus | Large projections lateral to the head |
| Bicipital Groove/Intertubercular Sulcus of humerus | Groove between the tubercles |
| Surgical Neck of Humerus | Indefinite area inferior to the tubercles where the bone narrows (fractures are fairly common here) |
| Deltoid Tuberosity of humerus | On the anterolateral surface, just superior to midshaft |
| Spiral groove/Sulcus of the Radial Nerve of humerus | Shallow groove on the superior posterior surface passing inferiorly from medial to lateral |
| Capitulum of Humerus | Round, anterolateral articulating surface-- articulates with the head of the radius |
| Trochlea of Humerus | Pulley-like medial articulating surface-- articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna |
| Radial Fossa of Humerus | Slight depression immediately proximal to the capitulum, on the anterior surface-- receives the head of the radius in forearm flexion |
| Coronoid Fossa of Humerus | -Depression immediately proximal to the trochlea on the anterior surface* receives the coronoid process of the ulna in forearm flexion |
| Olecranon Fossa of Humerus | - Large depression immediately proximal to the trochlea on the posterior surface - Receives the olecranon process in forearm extension |
| Medial Epicondyle of humerus | - projection medial to the trochlea |
| Sulcus of Ulnar Nerve of humerus | - On posterior, inferior surface of the medial epicondyle |
| Lateral Epicondyle of humerus | - Projection lateral to the capitulum |
| Radius | Lateral bone of the forearm |
| Head of radius | Disk-like proximal end which articulates with the capitulum on its proximal aspect and with the radial notch of the ulna on its medial aspect |
| Neck of Radius | Narrowed region immediately distal to the head |
| Radial Tuberosity of Radius | anterior surface, distal to the neck--- an insertion site for biceps brachii |
| Styloid process of the Radius | Bluntly pointed projection on the lateral, distal surface |
| Ulnar Notch of the Radius | Depression on the medial, distal surface for articulation with the head of the ulna |
| Ulna | medial bone of the forearm |
| Trochlear Notch/Semilunar Notch of the Ulna | Large, anterior proximal indentation--- articulates with the trochlea |
| Olecranon process of the Ulna | Large posterior proximal projection |
| Coronoid Process of the Ulna | Anterior lip of the trochlear notch |
| Radial notch of the Ulna | Indentation on the proximal lateral surface for articulation with the head of the radius |
| Ulnar Tuberosity | at the base of the coronoid process |
| Head of the Ulna | Distal end |
| Styloid process of Ulna | Dorsal medial projection off the head of the ulna |
| # of bones in the skull | 28 bones |
| how many bones in the vertebral column | 26 bones |
| How many ribs do you have? | 24 total bones |
| # of bones in the appendicular skeleton | 126 bones |
| # of total bones in the upper extremity | 64 total bones 32 per side |
| # of total bones in the lower extremity | 62 total bones 31 per side |
| Acetabulum of OS Coxa | Concave lateral articular surface---formed by ilium, ischium, and pubis |
| Acetabular Notch | Incomplete wall on the inferior surface of the acetabulum |
| Acetabular Fossa | The rough central area of the acetabulum |
| Lunate surface | Smooth articulating surface on the periphery of the acetabulum |
| Obturator Foramen | Large foramen inferior to the acetabulum---bounded by pubis and ischium |
| Pubis | contributes to the acetabulum |
| Superior Ramus of the Pubis | Extends from body to articulate with the opposite member |
| Inferior Ramus of the Pubis | Inferiorly, from the medial end of the superior ramus |
| Pubic symphysis | Articulation between two pubic bones |
| Pubic Tubercle | Projection on cranial border of the medial portion of the superior ramus |
| Pubic Crest | Medial, from the pubic tubercle to the medial border of the pubis |
| ilium | contributes to the acetabulum |
| Iliac crest | superior margin of the wing |
| Anterior superior Iliac Spine | Anterior terminus of the iliac crest |
| Anterior inferior Iliac spine | On anterior wing, inferior to the anterior superior iliac spine |
| Posterior superior Iliac Spine | Posterior terminus of the iliac crest |
| Posterior inferior Iliac spine | On posterior wing, inferior to the posterior superior iliac spine |
| Greater Sciatic Notch on ilium | Large indentation on the posterior aspect between the posterior inferior iliac spine and the ischial spine---Involves both the ilium and ischium, but primarily the ilium |
| Iliac Fossa | Inner, slightly concave surface of the wing |
| Auricular Surface of ilium | Posterior "ear shaped" surface which articulates with the sacrum |
| Iliac Tuberosity | Roughed inner area, superior to the auricular surface--- site of ligament attachments |
| Superior Gluteal Line (posterior gluteal line) | Outer surface of the wing, passing posterior from the crest towards the greater sciatic notch |
| Middle Gluteal line (Anterior Gluteal line) | Anterior and inferior to the posterior gluteal line, curving from the anterior aspect toward the greater sciatic notch |
| Inferior Gluteal line | Begins at the notch between the two anterior spines and curves toward the greater sciatic notch |
| Ischium | contributes to the acetabulum |
| Ischial tuberosity | Large posterior, inferior protuberance |
| Ischial Spine | Sharp posterior projection, superior to the ischial tuberosity |
| Lesser sciatic notch | Indentation between the ischial spine and ischial tuberosity |
| Femur | Thigh bone, articulating with the acetabulum |
| Head of Femur | Ball-like articulating surface on proximal end of the bone |
| Fovea Capitis (Fovea of the head of femur) | pit in the head - for attachment of a ligament (ligamentum teres femoris) |
| Neck of Femur | Constriction inferior to the head |
| Greater trochanter | Large lateral projection at the base of the neck |
| Trochanteric Fossa | Depression on the medial side of the greater trochanter |
| Lesser Trochanter | Posterior, medial projection at the base of the neck |
| Intertrochanteric Crest | ridge between the two trochanters on the posterior surface |
| Intertrochanteric Line | Small ridge between the two trochanters on the anterior surface ( for attachment of the iliofemoral ligament) |
| Linea Aspera | Prominent longitudinal ridge on the posterior surface---having a medial and lateral lip |
| Gluteal tuberosity of femur | Roughened area atop the lateral lip of the linea aspera (for the attachment of the gluteus maximus) |
| Popliteal surface of femur | Smooth, triangular area on the posterior distal femur where the lips of linea aspera diverge |
| Medial and lateral Condyles of femur | Distal articulating surfaces |
| Intercondylar fossa | posterior depression between the condyles |
| Medial and lateral epicondyles of femur | Roughed projections on the medial and lateral surfaces of the condyles |
| Adductor tubercle | projection on the medial surface of the medial epicondyle---for the attachment of adductor magnus |
| Patella | bony structure of knee that is embedded in the patellar ligament |
| Tibia | medial bone of the leg |
| Medial and lateral condyles of Tibia | Proximal, expanded ends bearing articular surfaces |
| Tibial tuberosity | Roughened area on the anterior surface inferior to the condyle--- for attachment of the patellar ligament |
| Soleal Line | On superior 1/3 of posterior surface- extends obliquely downward and medial--- for attachment of the soleus |
| Medial malleolus of tibia | Medial projection off the medial end |
| Fibula | lateral (little) bone of the leg |
| Head of fibula | the proximal end of the fibula |
| Styloid process of fibula | pointed apex of the head |
| Lateral malleolus | expanded distal, lateral end |
| Calcaneus | big bone in the ankle know to be in the group called tarsals |
| Sustentaculum Tali | Shelf-like projection on the superior medial aspect---articulates with the talus superiorly |
| Cuboid | tarsal bone in the foot |
| vertebrosternal ribs | ribs (1-7) --- also called true ribs --- articulate with the sternum via the chondral cartillage |
| Vertebrochondral ribs | ribs (8,9,10) --- known as false ribs --- attach indirectly to the sternum |
| Vertebral ribs | ribs (11,12) --- known as floating and false ribs --- not attached anteriorly |
| False ribs | vertebrochondral + vertebral ribs |
| True ribs | vertebrosternal ribs |
| Head of typical rib | has two FACETS for articulation with two vertebral bodies, and CREST for articulation with the intervertebral disc --- posterior |
| Neck of a typical rib | just lateral to the head of the rib |
| Tubercle of a typical rib | has articulating facet for articulation with the transverse process and a non-articulating part where a ligament attaches --- just lateral to the neck |
| Angle of a typical rib | lateral to the tubercle |
| Costal groove of a typical rib | on the inferior, inner aspect shelters intercostal nerve, artery and vein |
| Atypical ribs | Ribs (1,2,11,12) |
| Rib #1 | atypical rib --- has a single facet on the head --- Scalene tubercle --- grooves for subclavian artery and vein |
| Groove for Subclavian artery | on rib #1 --- medial to the groove of the subclavian vein |
| Groove for subclavian vein | on rib # 1 --- lateral to the groove of the subclavian artery |
| Scalene tubercle? | on rib #1 |
| Atypical ribs that have only 1 facet | ribs 1, 11, 12 |
| Atypical ribs that do not have tubercles | ribs 11, 12 |
| Rib #2 | atypical rib --- has a tuberosity for serratus anterior muscle |
| Rib #11 | atypical rib --- has single facet on the head --- no tubercle (does not articulate with transverse process) |
| Rib #12 | atypical rib --- single facet on the head --- no tubercle (does not articulate with transverse process) |
| Sternum | composed of 3 parts Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process |
| Manubrium | articulates with the first rib and the clavicle --- has a suprasternal notch/Jugular notch and sternal angle |
| Suprasternal notch/Jugular notch | on the superior surface of the manubrium |
| Sternal angle | junction between the manubrium and the body --- articulates with the 2nd rib |
| Body of the sternum | articulates with the costal cartilage of ribs 3-6 |
| Xiphoid process | inferior part of the sternum --- rib #7 articulates with the xiphi-sternal junction |
| xiphi-sternal junction | junction between xiphoid and sternum where rib #7 articulates |
| Identify the landmarks of a typical adult vertebra | body, lamina, pedicle, vertebral arch, Vertebral foramen, superior articulating process, inferior articulating process, inferior vertebral notch, superior vertebral notch, transverse process, spinous process, superior and inferior articulating facet |
| 5 groups of vertebrae (be able to identify them) | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal |
| transverse foramen | foramen that are just lateral to the vertebral body and anterior to the pedicle |
| Groove for spiral nerve | gutter that the anterior and posterior tubercles create (inside the transverse process) |
| Bifid Spinous process | most posterior projection of the vertebra |
| Anterior tubercle of the transverse process | makes up the anterior part of the "gutter" |
| posterior tubercle of the transverse process | makes up the posterior part of the "gutter" |
| Uncinate processes | also known as the superior lateral lips --- located on the superior body |
| Inferior lips (anterior and posterior) | located on the inferior body |
| Orientation of the intervertebral facets on a cervical vertebra | facing anteriorly and posteriorly |
| Transverse costal facets | facing anteriolateraly on the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae |
| superior and inferior costal facets | know as demi facet/full facets --- ??? |
| superior/inferior notch on thoracic vertebrae? | inferior notch --- inferior to the pedicle |
| Orientation of intervertebral facets on thoracic vertebra | superior faces posterior and inferior faces anterior |
| Mamillary process | on lumbar vertebrae --- on posterior superior articular process --- multifidis attaches here |
| Accessory process | on lumbar vertebrae --- lateral to the superior articular process and medial to the transverse process --- longissimis muscle attaches here |
| Sacral canal | canal on the posterior side of the sacrum --- anterior to the median sacral crest |
| Sacral hiatus | inferior opening of the sacral canal on the dorsal surface |
| Anterior and posterior (pelvic and dorsal) sacral foramina | foramina on the pelvic and dorsal side of the sacrum --- 8 total |
| Transverse ridges of sacrum | 4 ridges between foramina on the superior (pelvic) side of the sacrum |
| Lateral sacral crest | 2 crests lateral to the foramina on the posterior (dorsal) side |
| Median sacral crest | crest in the median of the sacrum on the posterior (dorsal) side |
| Articular surface of sacrum | articulates with the auricular surface of the ilium |
| Sacral promontory | superior ridge on the pelvic side of the sacrum |
| Superior articular process of the sacrum | projections on the superior dorsal/posterior side of the sacrum |
| coccygeal horn | superior bump on the posterior side |
| Atlas | C1 atypical vertebrae |
| Anterior arch of the atlas | makes up 1/5 of the vertebral arch --- on the anterior side |
| anterior tubercle of the atlas | anterior bump on the anterior arch of the atlas |
| Posterior arch of the atlas | makes up 2/5 of the vertebral arch --- on the posterior side |
| posterior tubercle of the atlas | posterior bump on the posterior arch of the atlas |
| Facet for dens on the atlas | articulates with the dens/odontoid process of the axis --- posterior side of the anterior arch |
| Axis | also called epistropheus --- C2 vertebrae |
| Odontoid process/dens | large process that articulates with the atlas |
| facet for the atlas of the axis | anterior part of the dens/odontoid process |
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