Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Coagulation
Coagulation Factors and Disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Prolonged APTT with normal PT and TT | Deficiency of Factor XII, XI, IX, VIII |
| Prolonged PT with normal APTT and TT | Factor VII deficiency |
| Prolongation of APTT and PT with normal TT | Factor X, V or II deficiency, patients receiving Warfarin or with liver disease |
| Prolongation of APTT, PT and TT | Heparin therapy (activated antithrombin III) or a complex deficiency state (DIC, abnormal fibrinogen, fibrinogen deficiency) |
| Dense platelet granules contain... | Calcium and ADP |
| Alpha granules | Secondary mediators of coagulation |
| Primary platelet activation | Platelet monolayer attached to vWF or collagen on the subendothelial layer |
| Secondary platelet activation | Release of calcium, ADP and synthesis of thromboxane A2 to activate surrounding platelets. Cross-linking with fibrinogen |
| Von Willebrand's Factor | Large multimeric protein found in the subendothelium, made by the endothelium. Carrier for FVIII in the blood |
| Desmopressin | Releases vWF from endothelial cells for the treatment of vWF deficiency |
| Factor V and VIII | Clotting cofactors |
| Coagulation cascade: Initiation | Release of TF, binds FVII in blood, activates FX which causes the production of a small amount of thrombin |
| Coagulation cascade: Amplification | Positive feedback by thrombin activates extrinsic pathway |
| Coagulation cascade: Clot Formation | Large amounts of thrombin are present, fibrinogen is broken down to fibrin monomers. |
| Antithrombin III | Directly inactivates thrombin and FX |
| Tissue plasminogen activator | Released when a clot is formed, or conditions that promote clotting (stasis, hypoxia). Converts plasminogen to plasmin |
| Mucocutaneous bleeding | vWF deficiency, platelet dysfunction |
| Haemarthrosis | Haemophilia |
| Purpura | Thrombocytopenia |
| Bleeding into hair follicles, gingival bleeding | Scurvy |
| Telangiectasia | Vascular abnormality (hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia) |
| Venous thrombosis | Fibrin based (surgery, trauma, pregnancy, cancer) |
| Arterial thrombosis | Platelet based (smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity) |
| Venous stasis eczema | Complication of deep vein thrombosis and varicose veins |
| Normal prothrombin time | 12-13 seconds |
| Normal INR | 1 |
| Normal INR on patient on warfarin | 2-3.5 |
| Mildly prolonged APTT | vWF deficiency (FVIII low) |
| 50:50 plasma mix does not correct APTT | Clotting factor inhibitor |
| Binding site of unfractionated heparin | Thrombin and Xa |
| Binding site of LMWH | Factor Xa |
| Factors that decrease effectiveness of warfarin | High intake of green leafy vegetables, administration of vitamin K |
| Factors that inctrase effectiveness of warfarin | Poor diet, antibiotics (roxithromycin), NSAIDs, liver disease or congestion |
| Dabigatron | Thrombin inhibitor |
| Haemophilia A | X-linked recessive deficiency of Factor VIII |
| Haemophilia B | X-linked recessive deficiency of Factor IX |
| Severe haemophilia | <1% of normal factor levels |
| Mild haemophilia | >5% of normal factor levels |
| Moderate/severe haemophilia | 3-5% of normal factor levels |
| Treatment of mild haemophilia A | Desmopressin |
| vWF Disease | Autosomal dominant inheritance (not complete penetrance) in 1% of population. |
| Delayed bleeding | Clotting factor deficiency (haemophilia), chronic liver disease, warfarin or heparin therapy |
| Immediate bleeding | Platelet problem - thrombocytopenia, vWF deficiency, NSAID, corticosteroid use (vascular fragility) |
| Transexamic acid | Anti-fibrinolytic drug that stabilises clots. Used for dental surgery in high risk patients, menorrhagia in vWF disease, trauma |
| Clotting factors made in the liver | I, II, V, VII, IX, X, XII |
| Thrombocytopenia in liver disease | Toxic effect of alochol on megakaryocytes |
| Pulmonary embolism | Dyspnoea, pleuritic chest pain |
| Decreased platelet count with deficiency of all clotting factors | Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy |
| D-dimers | Breakdown products of fibrin, marker of fibrin formation in vivo and its subsequent breakdown by plasmin |
| Risk of spontaneous coagulation | INR>5 |
Created by:
Epoot
Popular Medical sets