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AP EURO CH 9
Late MIddle Ages
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When did the Black Death occur? What percentage of europes population died? | 1348-1350. 40% |
| In the 14th century what fraction of population worked the land? | 9/10 |
| What happened as agriculture increased? | more food --> overpopulation --> famine |
| where did the virus come from? | rats on ships brought it from asia to europe |
| Who was Giovanni Boccaccio? | author who wrote "decameron" about the black death |
| What were flagellants? | people who beat themselves for penance during black death |
| What group did some people blame for the black death | Jews |
| What were 3 economic/social consequences of the plague? | Farms declined bc smaller population, skilled artisans/ cities rose, lords lost power |
| what did the statute of laborers do? what did it cause? | limited wages to pre-plague levels --> english peasants revolt |
| What did the taille do? | taxed french peasants --> Jacquiere uprising |
| Who gained political power from the plague? | Trade guilds |
| How did the plague effect the power balance in europe? | bad for church + nobles --> kings benefit and centralize |
| how did the gov start changing in late middle ages? | it started becoming more centralized |
| When was the hundred years war? | 1337-1453 |
| What were the main causes of the war? | English King edward claim to french throne, english control of french territories like flanders, history of animosity |
| what were the advantages that the french had? | 3 xs the population of england, wealthier, fought on own land |
| What were the advantages that the english had? | stable centralized gov, better military strategy |
| What was the Estates General? | french council of nobles/clergy/townspeople that increased taxes so king could raise war money |
| What happened in the war during the reign of king edward? what did it lead to in france? | english won many victories like port of calais and captures french king John the Good --> estates general gets power in france |
| What was the Jacquiere? | french peasant revolt from being taxed for war |
| What was the Peace of bretigny calais? | treaty that secured english control of french territories (big win for english) |
| what happened after king edward died? what did it lead to? | peasant revolts --> allowed france to push english back |
| what did king henry V do in france? | took normandy and agincourt |
| What did the treaty of troyes do? | gave english king henry V the claim to french throne |
| Who was Joan of arc and what did she provide for the french? | french peasant who took Orleans back from english, gave french sense of national identity |
| what allowed the french to finally drive the english back? | french alliance with burgundy |
| What were the social/political effects of the war? | peasantry suffered from taxes , gave france national identity, burgundy became a political power, |
| What was the 13th century papacy like? | very centralized, politically strong, spiritually weak |
| What was the papal plenitude of power? | doctrine by pope innocent that made the papacy a great secular power |
| Who did the 13 century papacy receive criticism from? why? | the clergy and heretics for being materialistic |
| What started happening to the papacy? | internal disunity and attacks from politicians |
| Why did Boniface and Philip the fair quarrel? | boniface said he had no right to do clerical taxation, so edward responded by cutting off papacy's money supply |
| why was boniface so powerless in the matter? | no money supply, in a fight with rival italian family, king arrested his bishop |
| What was the Unam sanctam? did it work? | boniface last effort that declared temporal authority subject to church, no |
| WHy did Pope clement V move the papacy to avignon? | to escape more conflict with the king |
| How did the avignon papacy raise money? what did this do for its reputation | sold pardons for sins; materialistic |
| what did marsilius of padua write? | the defender of peace, in which he said church should have no secular power |
| who was john XXII? | most powerful avignon pope |
| how did the papacy face national opposition in the late 14th century? | gov its restricted payments, power to make appointments, took away annates |
| What did John Wycliffe teach? who followed him? | that church shouldnt have secular power; lollard heretics |
| What did John Huss teach? who followed him? | vernacular translations of bible; hussites |
| What was the great schism | time period when there was more than one pope and different countries took sides |
| Why did the great schism happen? | Roman cardinals/Pope urban 6 wanted papacy to be in rome, french cardinals/pope clement 7 wanted it to be in avignon |
| how did the great schism end> | conciliarism |
| What was conciliar theory? | idea that church councils have authority over papacy |
| What did the council of pisa do | selected a new pope and tried to depose the old ones but they didn't step down |
| What did the council of constance do? | asserted conciliar power, deposed all 3 existing popes and chose a new 1 |
| What did the council of basel do? what did this end? | peacefully negotiated with bohemian hussites, ended hussite wars |
| How did conciliarism die? | the pope reunited with the eastern church and declared church councils null |
| What was the main consequence of the conciliar movement? what happened because of it | more secular control over church (kings started regulating religious life) |
| What religion did medieval russia choose to adopt? why? | greek orthodoxy. to strengthen ties with byzantine empire |
| what happened in medieval russia after the prince died? | rivaling byzantine princes all fought for control of it, creating a divided country |
| What did the Mongol empire do in Russia? what did political effect did it have on russia? | conquered and made the cities pay. Deepened separation between russia and the west |
| How did the mongol rule end in russia? | moscow princes slowly took control of territory and then defeated tatar (mongol) forces |
Created by:
mhaq.16
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