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chptr 23
a & p..body structors, body cavities, cells, ect.....
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is physiology? | is the science of the functions of cells, tissue & organs of the body |
| The _______________ divides the anterior cavity into an upper Thoracic cavity | diaphragm |
| what are the 3 central areas of the abdomen? | epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric |
| what are centrioles? | Provide spindle fibers for attaching chromosomes during cellular division |
| what is phagocytosis? | cell eating |
| describe the ph scale: | determines acidic and alkalinity. 7.0= neutral...below 7.0 = acidic....above 7.0 = alkaline |
| what is galactosemia? | an inherited metabolic disorder involving galactose as is presented in milk/milk products |
| what are characteristics of Turners syndrome? | short stature, webbing of neck, low hair line, a wide chest w/ broadly space nipples, pour breast development and underdevelopment of the genitalia |
| What is edema? | swelling |
| what tissues provide specific secretions for the body? | Epithelial tissue |
| what are the types of connective tissue? | connective, supportive, fluid |
| where is cartilage found? | between the bones and at the end of bones: ears, nose, voice box |
| what is homeostasis? | good health |
| what is a cleft palate? | structural defect of roof of mouth |
| what is spinal bifida? | malformation of spine |
| what is a system? | organs of body that join together for a particular function |
| what is an organ? | two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function |
| what is a striated muscle? | skeletal muscle tissue (voluntary) |
| what is a smooth muscle? | is found within the walls of all the organs except the heart. (involuntary) |
| muscular tissue contracts on what? | stimulation |
| nerve tissue is made up of? | neurons |
| a neuron that picks up and sends stimuli towards spinal cord and brain | sensory neuron |
| a neuron that carries impulses from one neuron to the other neuron | inter-neuron |
| a neuron that receives impulses and sends message which causes a reaction | motor neuron |
| what type of tissue is a supporting structure of the body? | connective tissue |
| what is the purpose of soft tissue? | stores fat, insulates, acts as padding and is the subcutaneous layer of the skin |
| Dense connective tissue is where? | tendons, ligaments, and organ capsules. |
| what 2 tissues supports and protects organs? | soft and dense |
| what is hard tissue made of? | cartilage |
| Genetic and Congenital Disorders can result from? | improper sex cell division at the time of fertilization |
| Cells of the same type joined together for a common purpose | tissue |
| what percentage of tissue is made up of water? | 60 to 99% |
| epithelial | the surface of the body |
| endocrine | secrets directly into blood stream |
| exocrine | secretes through ducts (sweat) |
| what are the 3 traits | dominant gene, recessive gene, x-linked |
| DNA is a ______ | code |
| from a copy error | mutation |
| mutation factors | internal and external |
| name the 2 cellular divisions | mitosis and meiosis |
| mitosis occurs when a | cell divides into two identical cells (reproducing) |
| meiosis is a process by which the | ovum & spermation reduces their respective 46 chromosomes to 23 |
| two or more elements combined? | compounds |
| 4 classification of compounds | acid, base or alkali, salt/water, p.h. |
| biochemistry elements have how many natural forms? how may are man made? how many are need to sustain life, and name the most common? And 4 of them are called? | 92. 13. 20. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen & nitrogen. Trace elements |
| biochemistry elements is sub stained in the __________ form | simplest |
| The cell is the basic building block of? | life |
| the cell takes in? | food and oxygen |
| the cell produces? | heat and energy |
| the cell gives off? | waste products |
| the cell _________ itself. | reproduces |
| the cell does ________ specific _______ | perform, duties |
| the body contains how many cells? | 75 trillion |
| cells vary in ____,___,_____ | shape, size & activity |
| name the cell parts. | cytoplasm, cell membrane, organelles, chromosomes, nucleus, centroles, endopalsmatic reticulum, mitochondira, gogli apperates, lysosomes, pinocytic vesicles |
| the median or sagittal plane? | a line dividing the body vertically down the front. it divides into right and left halves. |
| medial | anything towards the midline |
| lateral | anything away from the midline |
| proximal | nearest point to of attachment |
| distal | distance away from point of attachment |
| frontal or cornal plane | line that divides the body into front and back secetions |
| anterior/ventral refers to..... | anything located in front section |
| posterior/dorsal refers to.... | anything located in the back section |
| transverse plane | horizontal line that divides body into top and bottom |
| superior | above the line |
| inferior | below the line |
| the dorsal and posterior cavity is divided into 2 sections. What are they? | cranial cavity(contain brain) spinal cavity(contains spine) |
| thoracic cavity is the | chest |
| thoracic contains? | heart, lungs and great blood vessels |
| what protects the thoracic cavity? | the ribs |
| the abdominopelvic cavity has 3 parts. What are they? | upper abdominal, lower pelvic portion and retroperitoneal cavity |
| contains the kidney? | retroperitoneal cavity |
| contains the bladder, part of the large intestine and internal organs? | lower pelvic pertion |
| contains the stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, liver, spleen, pancreas and gallbladder | abdominopelvic cavity |
| contains eyes? | orbital cavity |
| contains structure of nose | nasal cavity |
| contains the mouth | buccal cavity |
| the abdominal is divided into regions for the purpose of what? | identification |
| what are the 9 regions | epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, left/right hypochondriac, left/right lumbar and left/right iliac/inginal. |
| regions on l/r of groin? | iliac/inginal |
| regions on l/r below ribs | hypochondriac |
| regions on l/r bones of spinal cord | lumbar |
| region of lower center(pubic) | hypogastric |
| middle center region by umbilical | umbilical |
| upper center region-above stomach | epigastric |
| sticky semi-fluid that contains water, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and slats? | cytoplasm |
| outer protective covering of cell and controls whatever enters/leaves the cell? | cell membrane |
| mass within a cytoplasm and controls the center of the cell. It also regulates chemical reaction and mitosis | nucleus |
| it is located within the nucleus | chromosomes |
| humans have how many pairs of chromosomes? | 23 pairs (46) |
| 22 pairs of chromosomes are what? | autosomes |
| the one remaining chromosome pair is? | a sex chromosome |
| chromosome xx = | female |
| chromosome xy = | male |
| chromosome contains? | deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
| how many genes are in chromosomes | 35,000 to 45,000 genes |
| located in the nucleus? where RNA @ scrambled with proteins to make ribosomes | nucleolus |
| two cylinder shaped organelles-they separate and form specific fibers which attached to the chromosome during mitosis | centrioles |
| serves as a passage way for transportation of materials in and out of nucleus | endoplasmatic reticulum |
| supply the cell with energy | mitochondira |
| stack of membranes = layer. synthesize carbohydrates and combines them with proteins | gogli apporates |
| serve as center of cellular digestion | lysosomes |
| pocket like formation, used to transport large particles into a cell | pinocytic vesicles |
| the process whereby gas, liquid or solid molecules distributes themselves through a medium? | diffusion |
| process of diffusion of water or solvent through a selected permeable membrane | osmosis |
| osmatic characteristics of solutions are classified by their effect on? | RBC |
| same concentration of salt found in RBC | isotonic |
| lower concentration of salt than RBC | hypotonic |
| higher concentration of salt than RBC | hypertonic |
| movement of solutions and water across a semiperable membrane as a result of force | filtration |
| is movement across on area of low concentration to an area higher concentration | active transport |
| cell eating | phagocytosis |
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bpstears
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