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Anat 1 Respiratory
Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gas exchange surfaces make up the... | respiratory zone |
| The tubes of the system make up the... | conducting zone |
| What type of membrane lines the system? | mucous membrane |
| What organ is shared with another system? | pharynx (oropharynx) with digestive |
| Functions of the respiratory system? | gas exchange, warm/humidify air, aids in smell, sound production, aids in protection from microbes |
| What structures create the boundary of the nasal cavity? | floor= hard palate: palatine process of maxillae and horizontal plate of palatine bone roof= cribriform plate, ethmoid walls= ethmoid w/ superior, middle, inferior nasal concha |
| What structures passes through cribriform plate into nasal cavity? | Olfactory neuron fibers |
| What type of ET is found in system? Fxn? | pseudostratified columnar ET w/ cilia and goblet cells. Goblet cells secrete mucus, which traps dust/debris/microbes, cilia move the mucus to be spit out or swallowed |
| Function of nasal concha? | Swirls air in nasal cavity, remains there longer. Warms and humidifies air. |
| The parts of the pharynx | nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharyn |
| Nasopharynx (location, ET, etc.) | Most superior part of pharynx; above uvula. Lined with pseudostratified ET, contains opening for auditory tube and pharyngeal tonsils |
| Oropharynx (location, ET, etc.) | Middle part of pharynx; between uvula and epiglottis. Lined with stratified squamous ET, contains lingual and palatine tonsils |
| Laryngopharynx (location, ET, etc.) | Most inferior part of pharynx; between epiglottis and trachea. Lined with stratified squamous ET, walls are made of skeletal muscle, contract as part of swallowing reflex |
| Cartilages of the larynx | thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform |
| Thyroid cartilage | -single fused plate -HYALINE cartilage -forms anterior wall of larynx and is the anterior anchor of vocal cord and epiglottis -connected to hyoid bone -forms laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple) |
| Cricoid cartilage | -single ring-shaped -HYALINE cartilage -sits over trachea |
| Epiglottis | - single, leaf-shaped - ELASTIC cartilage - anchored to thyroid cartilage -during swallowing, larynx rises and epiglottis tips to cover glottis |
| arytenoid | -paired -HYALINE cartilage -anchor vocal cords -moved by intrinsic laryngeal muscles to alter sounds |
| corniculate | -small, paired -ELASTIC cartilage -sits on tips of arytenoids |
| cuneiform | -small, paired -ELASTIC cartilage -reinforces soft tissue in lateral wall of larynx |
| Larynx | -the voice box -contains vocal cords, directs food to esophagus -made of rings of cartilage |
| Vocal cord | -paired ligaments covered with mucosa -anchored between arytenoid and thyroid cartilages -vibrate when air passes through the opening between them |
| rima glottidis | openings between vocal cords |
| glottis | rima glottidis and vocal cords |
| vestibular folds | -false vocal cords -mucosal folds above vocal cords -don't produce sound, but enhance high frequency sounds |
| Trachea (serves, cartilage/smooth muscle, ET) | -anterior to esophagus, below larynx, bifurcates -mucosa w/ pseudostratified ET, submucosa with seromucous glands -HYALINE cartilage, c-shaped rings -trachealis muscle: posterior part of tracheal tube, allows expansion of esophagus during swallowing |
| Types of bronchi | primary, secondary, tertiary |
| Primary bronchi | bring air to lungs, have cartilage rings |
| secondary bronchi | -serve lobes of lungs (3 in right, 2 in left) -have cartilage plates - |
| tertiary bronchi | -bring air to the bronchiopulmonary segments -10 per lung -have cartilage plates -have cartilage pads |
| what do bronchioles serve? | lung lobules |
| bronchioles | -no cartilage -smooth muscle in wall, innervated by ANS -simple columnar --> simple cuboidal |
| last part of conducting zone... | terminal bronciole |
| respiratory bronchioles | send air to alveolar ducts, have alveoli on their walls, in respiratory zone |
| types of bronchioles | respiratory and terminal |
| how many lung lobes? | Five. Right has 3, left has 2 |
| Hilus of lung | -on medial surface -where pulmonary vessels and primary bronchi enter lung |
| functional unit of the lung | alveolus |
| alveolus | -microscopic gas exchange chamber -surrounded by elastic fibers, hep with recoil of lungs during expiration |
| where do respiratory bronchioles lead? | alveolar ducts |
| where do alveolar ducts lead? | alveolar sacs (terminal clusters of alveoli) |
| types of alveolar cells | type I and type II |
| type I alveolar cell | -simple squamous ET -make up wall of alveoli -allow gas exchange, passive diffusion |
| type II alveolar cell | -specialized cell that produces surfactant (prevents sticking of alveolar walls) |
| resident macrophage of respiratory system | alveolar macrophage. Removes microscopic debri from air |
| respiratory membrane | alveolar and capillary walls and fused basal lamina= pathway for gas exchange |
Created by:
amandadalby615
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