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7-26 abdominal 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What happens if you lay down after you eat? | Food won't peristalse down becasue it doesn't have skeletal muscle |
| Explain the steps to get a esophageal hernia | Weakness in diaphragm, increased abdominal pressure, esophagus or stomach herniates |
| Explain referred pain | Inflammation irritates spinal nerves so other organs are irritated |
| Where would referred pain from the diaphgram and liver? | Right shoulder |
| Where would referred pain from the liver and kidney be? | Lower back |
| What quadrant is the spleen found in? | Upper left |
| What are the developmental functions and other functions of the spleen? | Hematopoietic center during development; breaks down and recylces damaged RBCs to make more hemoglobin; blood reservoir; some immune abilities |
| What organ is usually removed instead of repaired? | Spleen |
| What organs is the spleen anterior and deep to? | Deep to stomach; anterior to kidney |
| What is the red and white pulp of the spleen? | Where blood goes through |
| What type of organ is the pancreas? | Endocrine and exocrine |
| What does the endocrine portion of the pancreas do? | Secretes contents (insulin and glucagon) directly into the blood stream |
| What does the exocrine portion of the pancreas do? | Secretes pancreatic juices through ducts |
| What is the head of the pancreas anchored by? | Duodenum |
| What does the pancreatic duct join with to form the hepato-pancreatic ampulla? | Bile duct |
| Where does the ampulla empty into and through what lip? | Duodenum; papilla |
| What are the pancreatic islets? | Cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon (endocrine portion) |
| Where are the pancreatic juices secreted and what stimulates the secretion? | Secreted into duodenum; stimulated by acidity of food |
| Explain pancreatic cancer | Pancreatic juices get blocked because of duct problem; pancreas breaks down and digests aorta and SMA |
| What are the branches of the gastroduodenal artery that supply the pancreas? | Posterior superior and anterior superior pancreaticoduodnal arteries |
| What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery that supply the pancreas? | Posterior inferior and anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries |
| What does the inferior mesenteric vein drain and where does it drain into? | Left half of large intestine and drains into splenic |
| What does the superior mesenteric vein drain? | Small intestine and right half of large intestine |
| What is the largest gland in the body? | Liver |
| What does the liver absorb? | Everything but fats; all other nutrients |
| What are the four lobs of the liver? | Right, left, caudate, quadrate |
| What quadrant is the liver in? | Upper right |
| What are the two regions the liver is mostly in and the other two it can be in? | Right hypochondriac region and epigastric region; can be in right flank region and left hypochondriac region |
| What muscle is the liver attached to? | Diaphragm |
| What ligament divides the liver into right and left lobs? | Falciform ligament |
| What is the liver covered by? | Visceral peritoneum |
| What does the falciform ligament anchor the liver to? | Anterior abdominal wall |
| Where is the round ligament of the liver found? | Inferior aspect of the liver |
| What is found in the round ligament of the liver? | Umbilical veins |
| What areas of the liver don't have visceral pertioneum? What do these areas have direct contact with? | Coronary ligament, left triangular ligament, upper part of the right lobe; diaphragm |
| Where do the hepatic veins drain to? | IVC |
| What are the two functional lobes of the liver? | Right and left (caudate and quadrate here) |
| What happens during liver cirrhosis? | Toxins are ingested and liver can't break them down so hepatocytes are damaged and causes backup |
| What is the ligamentum venosum? | Open duct to in fetal development to go to IVC |
| What does the umbilical vein drain into? | Ligamentum venosum |
| What does the hepatic portal vein drain? | All venous blood from digestive organs |
| What kind of blood does the hepatic portal vein have? | Deoxygenated but nutrient rich |
| What does the gallbladder do? | Stores and concentrates bile |
| What is the cystic artery a branch of? | Right hepatic artery |
| What are the steps for bile drainage | Liver creates bile, secretes bile through hepatic ducts (R/L and common), hepatic ducts join with cystic duct, forms bile duct, joins with pancreatic duct, empties into major duodenal papilla into duodenum |
| What do hepatocytes produce and where does it drain into? | Produces bile; drains to biliary system |
| What is at each corner of a hepatocyte? | Triad- bile duct, hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery |
| In hepatocytes, which directions do blood, bile, and lymph flow? | Blood goes inward, bile and lymph go outward |
| What cells clean up debris? | Cooper cells |
| What is the portal flow? | Blood comes into hepatic portal vein, goes through hepatocytes (filter nutrients and toxins), central vein- clean blood, IVC |
| What do kidneys produce? | urine |
| What do the kidneys remove, reabsorb, and excrete? | Remove excess water, reabsorb salt, excrete waste |
| What structure does urine travel in from the kidney to the urinary bladder? | Ureter |
| What secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine? | Suprarenal glands |
| What kidney is lower and why? | Right; liver is in the way |
| What renal vein is longer and why? | Left; has to go over the aorta |
| What renal vein is longer? | Right |
| What are kidneys surrounded in that blends in with the suprarenal glands? | Perirenal fat pad |
| What are the right and left testicular arteries a branch of? | Aorta |
| What does the right testicular vein drain into? | IVC |
| What does the left testicular vein drain into? | Renal vein |
| Are the renal arteries or veins anterior? | Veins |
| What part of the kidneys is an extension of the cortex into the kidney? | Renal columns |
| Where are nephrons at/where is urine produce? | Renal pyramids |
Created by:
beranml
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