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A&P review
MIDTERM REVIEW
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| THIS CAVITY CAN BE BROKEN UP INTO FOUR QUADRANTS OR NINE REGIONS | ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY |
| THE PART OF A STRUCTURE NEAREST TO THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT IS? | PROXIMAL |
| THE PART OF A STRUCTURE THAT IS FARTHER AWAY FROM THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT IS? | DISTAL |
| THE AMOUNT OF THIS ION IN A SOLUTION DETERMINES ITS ACIDITY | HYDROGEN (H+) |
| RANGES FROM 0-14; MEASURES THE DEGREE OF ACIDITY OR ALKALLINITY | pH SCALE |
| A pH LEVEL OF 0-6 IN SUBSTANCES SUCH AS URINE, BLACK COFFEE, STOMACH CONTENTS ARE CONSIDERED | ACIDOTIC |
| A pH LEVEL OF 8-14 IN SUBSTANCES SUCH AS INTESTINAL CONTENT, SOAP,HOUSEHOLD AMMONIA, ARE CONSIDERED | ALKALITIC |
| BLOOD pH | 7.35-7.45 |
| COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES THAT CAN BE SEPARATED BY ORDINARY MEANS | MIXTURES |
| COMPOSED OF THREE PARTS A BASE, A SUGAR AND THREE PHOSPHATE GROUPS (ENERGY) | ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) |
| MOVEMENT OF A SUBSTANCE FROM AN AREA OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOWER CONCENTRATION | DIFFUSION |
| MOVEMENT OF WATER (SOLVENT) FROM AN AREA WITH MORE WATER TO AN AREA WITH LESS WATER | OSMOSIS |
| TAKING IN OR INGESTION OF FOOD OR LIQUID BY THE CELL MEMBRANE | ENDOCYTOSIS |
| SECRETION OF CELLULAR PRODUCTS (e.g., PROTEIN, DEBRIS) OUT OF THE CELL | EXOCYTOSIS |
| MOVEMENT OF WATER AND DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES FROM AN AREA OF HIGH PRESSURE TO AN AREA OF LOW PRESSURE | FILTRATION |
| THE MAKING OF GLUCOSE FROM NONGLUCOSE SOURCES ESPECIALLY PROTEIN; THE BREAK DOWN OF PROTEIN INTO FAT | GLUCONEOGENESIS |
| THIS FORM OF CATABOLISM PRODUCES LARGE AMOUNT OF ATP | AEROBIC CATABOLISM (WITH OXYGEN) |
| CAN BE DESCRIBED AS LOOSE, DENSE FIBROUS,CARTILAGE, BONE, BLOOD AND LYMPH | CONNECTIVE TISSUE |
| A CARBOHYDRATE THAT CAN BE USED AS FUEL FOR ENERGY, STORED AS GLYCOGEN OR FAT | GLUCOSE |
| COMPOSED PRIMARILY OF LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND ADIPOSE TISSUE;HELPS INSULATE THE BODY AND ANCHORS THE SKIN TO THE UNDERLYING STRUCTURE | SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER OF SKIN |
| OIL GLANDS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HAIR FOLLICLES AND FOUND IN ALL AREAS OF THE BODY THAT HAVE HAIR | SEBACEOUS GLANDS |
| FOUND IN THE AXILLARY AND GENITAL AREAS; RESPONIBLE FOR BODY ODOR;RESPONDS TO EMOTIONAL STRESS AND WHEN A PERSON GETS SEXUALLY EXCITED | APOCRINE GLANDS |
| HAS THREE PARTS THE DENDRITES, THE CELL BODY AND THE SINGLE AXON | NEURON |
| LIQUID INTERCELLULAR MATRIX OF BLOOD THAT CONTAINS NON FIBROUS PROTEINS | PLASMA |
| LOCATED BETWEEN THE RIBS; ITS FUNCTIONS HAS TO DO WITH THE INCREASE AND DECREASE OF THE THORACIC CAVITY (BREATHING) | INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES |
| HELPS MOVE INFORMATION FROM ONE NEURON TO THE NEXT | SYNAPSE |
| THE CEREBRUM, DIENCEPHALON, THE BRAIN STEM AND THE CEREBELLUM | THE FOUR MAJOR AREAS OF THE BRAIN |
| COMPOSED OF THE MIDBRAIN, PONS AND MEDULLA OBLONGATA;LEADS TO THE SPINAL CORD | BRAIN STEM |
| 2ND LAYER OF PROTECTION OF THE CNS COMPOSED OF THE PIA MATER, ARACHNOID MATER AND THE DURA MATER | MENINGES |
| CLASSIFIED AS TWO LATERAL AND A THIRD AND A FOURTH | THE FOUR VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN |
| FORMED IN THE CHOROID PLEXUS; COMPOSED OF WATER GLUCOSE, PROTEIN, SEVERAL IONS, ESPECIALLY Na+ AND Cl | CEREBROSPINAL FLUID |
| THE CNS IS PROTECTED BY | BONE, MENEGIES, CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER |
| ACTIVATED DURING PERIODS OF STRESS OR TIMES WHEN A PERSON FELLS THREATENED (FIGHT OR FLIGHT); THORACOLUMBAR | SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| CRAIOMOST ACTIVE DURING QUIET, NONSTRESSFUL CONDITIONS (FEED OR BREED) | PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| INCREASED HR, DILATED PUPILS, CONSTRICTED BLOOD VESSELS,SECRETION OF EPINEPHINE AND NE | SYMPATHETIC RESPONSE |
| DECREASED HR, CONSTRICTED PUPILS, DECREASED BP, | PARASYMPATHIC RESPONSE |
| THORACOLUMBAR; ACTIVATED DURING PERIODS OF STRESS OR TIMES WHEN A PERSON FEELS THREATENED (FIGHT OR FLIGHT) | SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| CRANIOSPINAL; MOST ACTIVE DURING QUIET, NONSTRESSFUL CONDITIONS (FEED OR BREED) | PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| INCREASED HR, DILATED PUPILS, CONSTRICTED BLOOD VESSELS | SYMPATHETIC RESPONSE |
| DECREASED HR, CONSTRICTED PUPILS, DECREASED BP | PARASYMPATHETIC RESPONSE |
| THIS LOBE HAS TO DO WITH THE MOTOR RESPONSE OF THE EYE | FRONTAL LOBE |
| THE LOBE HAS TO DO WITH THE SENSORY RESPONSE OF THE EYE | OCCIPITAL LOBE |
| THE PNS SECRETE THIS CHOLINERGIC PRE AND POST GANGLIONIC FIBER | ACETYLCHOLINE (ACH)` |
| THIS SYSTEM'S PREGANGLIONIC FIBER IS CHOLINERGIC (ACH) AND ITS POSTGANGLIONIC FIBER IS ADRENERGIC (NE) | SYMPATHETIS NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| THE TWO MAIN TYPES OF ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS OF THE SNS | ALPHA AND BETA |
| THE POSTERIOR CAVITY OF THE EYE IS FILLED WITH THIS GEL-LIKE SUBSTANCE | VITREOUS HUMOR |
| THE ANTERIOR CAVITY OF THE EYE IS FILLED WITH THIS WATERY FLUID | AQUEOUS HUMOR |
| PRODUCED IN THE OUTER EAR; A YELLOWISH WAXY SUBSTANCE KNOWN AS | CERUMON |
| THE MIDDLE EAR CONTAINS THREE TINIEST BONES(IN THE BODY) OR OSSICLES CALLED | MALLEUS, INCUS AND STAPES |
| BONE CONDUCTION TAKES PLACE IN THIS PART OF THE EAR | MIDDLE EAR |
| HAVE DUCTS, OR TINY TUBES IN WHICH SECRETIONS (SUCH AS SWEAT, MUCUS, SALIVA, AND DIGESTIVE ENZYMES) ARE RELEASED BEFORE REACHING THE BODY SURFACE | EXOCRINE GLANDS |
| DUCTLESS GLANDS THAT SECRETE HORMONES, SUCH AS INSULIN, DIRECTLY INTO THE BLOOD | ENDOCRINE GLANDS |
| INCREASED PLASMA LEVELS OF CALCIUM TRIGGERS THIS GLAND TO SECRETE CALCITONIN | THYROID GLAND |
| DECREASED PLASMA LEVELS OF CALCIUM TRIGGER THIS GLAND TO SECRETE PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH) | PARATHYROID GLAND |
| THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS CONTROL THIS BY SECRETING CALCITONIN AND PTH | BLOOD CALCIUM |
| SECRETES THEW CATECHOLAMINES EPINEPHRINE AND NE AND IS CONSIDERED AN EXTENTION OF THE SNS | ADRENAL MEDULLA |
| RELEASED BY THE PANCREAS; THE ONLY HORMONE THAT DECREASES SUGAR IN THE BLOOD | INSULIN |
| HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA (EXCESS BILIRUBIN IN THE BLOOD) CAUSES THE SKIN TO APPEAR YELLOW OR JAUNDICED. THE YELLOW APPEARANCE CAN ALSO BE DISCRIBED AS | ICTERUS |
| HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA IS CAUSED BY HEMOLYSIS OR EXCESSIVE BREAKDOWN OF THIS BLOOD CELL | RBC's |
| BLOOD VESSEL SPASM, PLATELET PLUG AND COAGULATION ARE CHARACTERISTICS OF | HEMOSTASIS |
| AN ADVERSE REACTION OF A PATIENT TAKING COUMADIN OR HEPARIN IS | BLEEDING OUT |
| THIS IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE HEPATIC SYNTHESIS OF PROTHROMBIN | VITAMIN K |
| EXCESS SUGAR IN THE BLOOD | HYPERGLYCEMIA |
| OXYGEN ATTACHES TO THIS PART OF THE RBC | HEME |
| THIS FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT IS ALSO CALLED A CLOT BUSTER | TPA (TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR) |
| THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD PUMPED BY EACH VENTRICLE IN ONE MINUTE; STROKE VOLUME TIMES HEART RATE | CARDIAC OUTPUT |
| THE MIDDLE LAYER OF THE HEART; THE THICKEST OF THE THREE LAYERS; COMPOSED OF CARDIAC MUSCLE | MYOCARDIUM |
| ENDOCARDIUM, MYOCARDIUM, EPICARDIUM | THREE LAYERS OF THE HEART |
| LOCATED BETWEEN THE ATRIA AND VENTRICLES ON EACH SIDE OF THE HEART;HAVE CUSPS OR FLAPS; ALLOW BLOOD TO ENTER THE VENTRICLES | AV VALVES |
| THE PURPOSE OF THIS IS TO KEEP BLOOD FLOWING IN A FORWARD DIRECTION | HEART VALVES |
| LOCATED BETWEEN THE LEFT VENTRICLE AND THE AORTA; RESEMBLES A HALF-MOON; CONTROLS THE OUTFLOW OF BLOOD FROM THE RIGHT AND LEFT VENTRICLES | SEMILUNAR VALVES |
| AN ARTERY THAT MAY BECOME PARTIALLY OCCLUDED BY FATTY PLAQUE (OR BLOOD VESSEL SPASM) IS CALLED A/AN | ANGINA |
| LOCATED IN THE UPPER POSTERIOR WALL OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM; ALSO CALLED THE ACTION POTENTIAL OR THE CARDIAC IMPULSE | SA NODE |
| THE MYOCARDIUM EXPERIENCES OXYGEN DEPRIVATION IF CORONARY BLOOD FLOW DIMINISHES | ISCHEMA |
| SPECIALIZED CONDUCTION TISSUE LOCATED IN THE INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM THAT SLOWS THE CARDIAC IMPULSE AS IT MOVES THROUGH THE AV NODE | BUNDLE OF HIS |
| THE RIGHT AND LEFT BRANCHES THAT ARE DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT THE VENTRICLE MYOCARDIUM | PURKINJE FIBERS |
| RELAXATION OF THE MYOCARDIUM; BLOOD FILLS A CHAMBER AT THIS TIME | DIASTOLE |
| CONTRACTION OF THE MYOCARDIUM; BLOOD PUMPS OUT OF A CHAMBER AT THIS TIME | SYSTOLE |
| A THIN-WALLED CAVITY THAT RECEIVES UNOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR VENA CAVA | RIGHT ATRIUM |
| RECEIVES UNOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE RIGHT ATRIUM | RIGHT VENTRICLE |
| COLLECTS BLOOD FROM THE HEAD AND UPPER BODY | SUPERIOR VENA CAVA |
| RECEIVES BLOOD FROM THE LOWER PART OF THE BODY | INFERIOR VENA CAVA |
| A THIN-WALLED CAVITY THAT RECEIVES OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE LUNGS THROUGH FOUR PULMONARY VEINS | LEFT ATRIUM |
| RECEIVES OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE LEFT ATRIUM; THE MUSCLE ON THE MYOCARDIUM IS THICKEST HERE | LEFT VENTRICLE |
| THE BLOOD SUPPLY THAT NOURISHES AND OXYGENATES THE MYOCARDIUM IS PROVIDED BY | CORONARY ARTERIES |
| THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD PUMPED BY EACH VENTRICLE PER BEAT | STROKE VOLUME |
| THE NUMBER OF TIME THE HEART BEATS EACH MINUTE | HEART RATE |
| STRENGTHENING THE MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION WITHOUT STRETCHING THE MYOCARDIAL FIBERS | INOTROPIC EFFECT |
| A CHANGE IN THE SPEED AT WHICH THE CARDIAC IMPULSE TRAVELS FROM THE THE SA NODE THROUGH THE AV NODE AND THE HIS-PURKINJE SYSTEM | DOMOTROPIC EFFECT |
| A CHANGE IN HEART RATE | CHRONOTROPIC EFFECT |
| A CHANGE IN MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION THAT IS CAUSED BY STRECTHING | STARLING'S LAW |
| THE PERCENTAGE OF EDV THAT PUMPED IS CALLED | EJECTION FRATION |
| IF THE CONDUCTION SYTEM IS WORKING PROPERLY YOU WILL HAVE A | NORMAL SINUS RYTHEM |
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