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Neoroanatomy
Spinal cord (wk. 4)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| There are ___ pairs of spinal nerves. | 31 pairs |
| Spinal nerves are usually numbered for the vertebra (above/ below) them, except in the case in the cervical region. | Above |
| The dorsal root is the : a. sensory (afferent) root b. motor (efferent) root | a. sensory (afferent) root |
| True/false: The dorsal root is smaller than the ventral root? | False: dorsal root is larger than ventral root. |
| A spinal nerve is the fusion of of what? | 2 roots (dorsal & ventral) |
| where do the dorsal & ventral roots join to form the spinal nerve? | Inside the intervertebral foramen |
| The spinal nerve divides into 3 branches; dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, & meningeal branch. These branches are: a. sensory b. motor c. mixed (both sensory & motor) | c. mixed (both sensory & motor) |
| The recurrent meningeal nerve (sinuvertebral nerve) returns to the vertebral canal to innervate: a. meninges b. blood vessels c. periosteum, ligaments, & intervertebral disks d. all of the above | d. all of the above (meninges, blood vessels, periosteum, ligaments, & intervertebral disks of the ventrolateral vertebral canal) |
| (Roots/ Rami) are inside the vertebral canal & join to form the spinal nerve. | Roots |
| (Roots/ Rami) are outside the vertebral canal and represent the bifurcation of the spinal nerve. | Rami |
| ______ are areas of skin innervated by cutaneous branches of a single spinal nerve. | Dermatomes |
| The (medial/ lateral) branch of the dorsal ramus supplies cutaneous innervation to T6 and above (upper back). | Medial branch |
| The (medial/ lateral) branch of the dorsal ramus supplies cutaneous innervation to T7 and below (lower back & medial gluteal region). | Lateral branch |
| Many ventral rami form cervical, brachial, and lumbosacral forms of these. | Plexuses |
| Specialized mechanoreceptors within the muscle that provide information about length & rate of changes in length of the muscle. | Muscle spindle |
| "Deep tendon reflex" is a monosynaptic connection between the central axon of the _____ fiber and the _______ neuron. | 1a fiber, alpha motor neuron |
| The ________ withdraws inhibition of the 1a interneuron so that the antagonist is excited, while it also inhibits the agonist. | Renshaw Cell |
| Encapsulated sensory receptors located in the junction between muscle & tendon, in series with the extrafusal muscle fibers. | Golgi Tendon Organ |
| What is the reflex in which polysynaptic pathways where central axons of nociceptors facilitate flexion (withdraw) of a hurt lower limb, while facilitating extension on the contralateral lower limb for support? | Flexion and crossed extension reflex |
| Alpha motor neurons innervate: a. extrafusal muscle fibers b. intrafusal muscle fibers | a. extrafusal muscle fibers |
| Gamma motor neurons innervate: a. extrafusal motor fibers b. intrafusal motor fibers | b. intrafusal muscle fibers |
| The (dorsal/ ventral) rami are larger than their counterpart and appear to be a direct continuation of the spinal nerve. | Ventral rami |
| (Ventral/ dorsal) rami provide motor innervation to the arms and legs. | Ventral rami |
| (Ventral/ dorsal) rami provide motor innervation to the intrinsic muscles of the back. | Dorsal rami |
| _____________ are concerned with resisting inappropriate stretch on muscles and maintaining body posture. | Deep Tendon Reflexes |
| In order for the biceps muscle to contract, the triceps muscle has to relax. This is achieved by the 1a inhibitory reflex, and is called_____. | Reciprocal Inhibition |
Created by:
ElisaDanger
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