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hazardous materials
chapter 7 hazardous materials
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| biologic hazards | can cause infectin or disease in persons, plants or animals |
| 5 categories of biologic hazards | viral, rickettsial/chlamidial, bacterial, fungal and parasitic |
| 3 types of harmful radiation | alpha, beta and gamma rays |
| ionizing radiation | alpha, beta and gamma rays harm living organisms |
| chemical hazards | solubility, density, vapor pressure, vapor density, boiling point, condensation point, melting/freezing point |
| ld50 extremely toxic | <1mg/kg |
| LD50 highly toxic | 1-50 mg/kg |
| EPA level A of PPE | highest level, including |
| category a description and examples | easily spread person to person, little to no immunity (anthrax, botulism, plague, small pox, tularemia) |
| category b description and examples | moderately easily spread, low death rate, no immunity (burcellosis, perfringens, ricin, q fever-coxiella burnetti, staphylococcal enterotoxin b, typhus |
| category c | easily available, spread and produced nipah and hantavirus |
| anthrax-bacillus anthracis | disease of herbivores, forms spores, alive in soil and hides |
| cutaneaus anthrax | scabs on hands |
| inhalation anthrax | fever, cough, fever and shock |
| gastrointenstinal anthrax | rare, cough, fever and shock |
| small pox- Variola major | eradicated since 77, person to person and fomites, aerosol |
| signs and symptoms of smallpox | sudden fever, then rash, starts on face and arms |
| plague Yersinia pestis | found in rodents and fleas, transmitted by fleas and airborne aerosolized |
| plague symptoms | fever, headache, chest pain as pneumonia sets in |
| plague protection | airborne protection and isolation until 48 hrs after antibiotics |
| ricin- protein toxin | castor oil, inhaled or ingensted, not person to person |
| symptoms of ricin inhallation | 4-8 hrs of inhalation, can't breathe, fever, then low blood pressure and 72 hrs later death (environmental assessment = full PPE)) |
| staphylococcal enterotoxin B ` | aerosolization, not transmittable person to person |
| staph enterotoxin b symptoms (ingestion and inhalation and precautions) | nausea, cramps, dearrhea, chest pain, standard precautions |
| hantavirus | carried by rodents, direct contact to non intact skin and inhalation of dust not person to person |
| hantavirus symptoms | flue like, respiratory distress |
| 3 routes into body | ingestion, absorption, inhalation |
| RD50 | response dose at which 50% of test population has reproducible response |
| irritants cause: | pain, swelling, blistering, GI :ammonia, chlorine |
| asphyxiants | displace oxygen, methane, chabon monoxide |
| CNS depressants | dysfunctino of CNS, trichloroethane, nitrous, alcohol, narcotics |
| systemic toxicants | impact specific organs systems, carcinotens,teratogens, mutagens |
| carbon tetrachloride | causes liver and kidney damage |
| simple asphyxiants | cause hypoxia where you can't get enough oxygen. |
| example of asphyxiants | like altitude sickness causes euphoria, headache, nausea, convulsion and death |
| chemical asphyxiants cause | anoxia (starving for Ox at cellular level) |
| chemical asphyxiants that cause destruction of red blood cells | arsine and phosphine gases |
| cham asphyxiants that cause respiratory and CNS depression | hydrogen sulfide |
| chem asphyxiants that interfere with ability to connect and transfer oxygen | nitrate |
| upper respiratory irritants | Nox, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, ozone, SO2, HCL, NH4 |
| Lower respiratory irritants | Carbonyl bromide, nitrogen dioxide, carbonyl chloride (phosgene) |
| dusts that cause fibrosisa | asbestos, silica, coal dust |
| biocides | chemicals that kill living things |
| TSD traning requirements | 24 hours |
| water disinfection recipe in an emergence | 1 teaspoon per 10 gallon and let set for 30 mins |
Created by:
sanitarianpankey
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