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on-site
chapter 5 on-site
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| conventional system | 36" of soil minimum |
| pressurized in-ground | enough natural soil for system, still need 36" til bedrock |
| mound | 12"-24" so you bring in fill to make up the difference |
| sand filter | may be used for very wet or near bedrock |
| Soil type 1 | sand with minimal silt |
| soil type 4 or 5 | low absorption and is poor- high clay |
| absorption field trench dimensions | 12-18 inches deep and 12-36 inches wide |
| distances between trenches and ground water | 24 inches |
| primary treatment | removes large objects and about 40% of BOD |
| secondary treatment | removes an additional 45-55% of BOD |
| 2 types of secondary treatment | Trickling filter and activated sludge process |
| trickling filter | bed of stones 6 feet deep (used for smaller wwtplants |
| activated sludge | aerobic bacteria are fed into aeration tanks and stimulate rapid growth of aerobic bacteria which consume suspended solids and nutrients |
| tertiary treatment | chemical coagulation then sedimentation and filtration- basically drinking water |
| activated carbon granules | in rapid sand filters and remove 98% of organics |
| rapid infiltration | large amounts of wastewater applied to land and allowed to percolate into groundwater |
| overland flow | wastewater is allowed to flow down graded surface that is planted with vegetation (used for clay soils with limited absorption) |
| what removes 50-90% of bacteria, 30-50% of ascaris and 80% of schistosomes | primary sedimentation |
| excreta contains | 2000 million fecal, 450 million streptococci, 400 billion E. coli per 100-200 grams zone of degredation |
| eutrophic | Having waters rich in mineral and organic nutrients that promote a proliferation of plant life, especially algae, which reduces the dissolved oxygen content and often causes the extinction of other organisms. |
| oligotrophic | low productivity, high o2, good drinking water |
| nutrients associated with eutrophication | phosphates, nitrogen, organic carbon |
| what functions as a biological treatment system, sedimentation tank and conditioning tank? | septic tank |
| minimum liquid volume of a septic tank | 750 gallons |
| detention time for septic tanks | should not be less than 24-72 hours |
| garbage grinder into septic tank means | increase size by 50% |
| sludge accumulation per person per year | 18-21 gallons per person per year (69-80 liters) |
| mixture of gravel, sand, silt, clay and decayed plant and animal matter | loam |
| volume of dosing tank should be equal to | 60% of the volume of the lines dosed |
| examples of things that are not easily destroyed by chlorination of sewage | entamoeba histolytica, hepatitis, giardia cysts |
| color of soil that would be best for adsorption | yellow, brown or red |
| BOD | biochemical oxygen demand (the dif between initial dissolved o2 in a sample and after a period of time |
| BOD time frams | 5 day test |
| what is non toxic to aquatic, a good viricide and adds oxygen to treated wastewater effluents? | ozone |
| soil characteristic with lack of aeration | mottled brown and red soil |
| pH range of secondary treatment of effluent | six to nine |
| sulfuric acid in septic tanks | unclogs pipes and fittings in septic tanks |
| what reduces fecal coliforms to 200 mg/l or less? | combined chlorine |
| man made organic compounds | refractory organics like DDT |
| sewer gas may contain (3) | H2S, methane, chlorine |
| holes more than ___ feet need side wall protection to prevent cave in | 3 feet |
| field lines or tiles (legs of drainfield) must be at least how many feet apart? | 6 feet |
| how many inches does backfill over drainfield need to be? | 12 inches |
| maximum length of septic system materials | 75 feet |
Created by:
sanitarianpankey
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