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A & P chpt 14 & 15
endocrine chapter 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A cone shaped gland located in the brain; secretes melatonin; called the biological clock | Pineal gland |
| THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND THIS GLAND ARE PARTS OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-HYPOPHYSEAL PORTAL SYSTEM; ALSO CALLED THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS | ANTERIOR PITUATARY GLAND |
| THE HORMONE SECRETING CELLS OF THE PANCREAS | ISLETS OF LANGERHANS |
| THE ONLY HORMONE THAT LOWERS BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS; RELEASED IN RESPONSE TO INCREASED BLOOD LEVELS OF GLUCOSE LEVELS, SUCH AS WHAT OCCURS AFTER A MEAL | INSULIN |
| CHEMICAL MESSENGERS THAT INFLUENCE OR CONTROL ACTIVITIES OF OTHER TISSUES AND ORGANS | HORMONES |
| TSH, STIMULATES THE THYROID GLAND | THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE |
| ACTH | ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE |
| (FSH) (LH) | GONADOTROPIC HORMONES |
| GH | GROWTH HORMONE |
| ADH | ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE |
| PRL | PROLACTIN |
| GENERALIZED WEAKNESS, MUSCLE ATROPHY, A BRONZING OF THE SKIN, HYPERKALEMIA, AND A SEVERE LOSS OF FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES | ADDISON'S DISEASE |
| TRUNCAL OBESITY, MOON FACE, BUFFALO HUMP, VIRILIZATION, HIRSUTISM | CUSHING'S DISEASE |
| A MELTDOWN OF THE FLESH AND LIMBS INTO THE URINE | DIABETIES MELLITUS |
| LOCATED ACROSS THE ABDOMEN; SECRETES INSULIN AND GLOCOGON | PANCREAS |
| THIS GLAND PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN IMMUNITY AND INVOLUTES, OR SHRINKS AFTER PUBERTY | THYMUS GLAND |
| CONTROLS THE PITUITARY GLAND; CONNECTS TO THE ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND THROUGH CAPILLARIES AND NERVES | HYPOTHALAMUS |
| HELPS REGULATE CALCUIM LEVELS IN THE BLOOD; STOPS CALCIUM PRODUCTION IN THE BLOOD | CALCITONIN |
| SECRETES THE HORMONES THAT ARE CONCERNED WITH SUGAR, SALT & SEX | ADRENAL CORTEX |
| SECRETIONS OF THIS GLAND CONTRIBUTE TO FIGHT OR FLIGHT | ADRENAL MEDULLA |
| SECRETES ADH AND OXYTOCIN; ALSO CALLED NEUROHYPOPHYSIS | POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND |
| SECRETES THE HORMONES; GH,TSH,PRL,ACTH,FSH AND LN | ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND |
| RAPID METABOLISM OF FATTY ACIDS | KETOACIDOSIS |
| SECRETES T3, T4 AND CALCITONIN | THYROID GLAND |
| THIS GLAND RAISES CALCIUM LEVELS | PARATHYROID GLAND |
| IODINE LEVELS STIMULATES ITS ACTIVITY | THYROID |
| PARENT CELL OF ALL BLOOD CELLS | STEM CELL |
| BONE MARROW DEPRESSION | MYELOSUPPRESSION |
| MAJOR CAUSES OF MYELOSUPPRESSION | RADIATION, CYTOTOXIC CANCER DRUGS |
| ERYTHROCYTES; TRANSPORTS OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE | RED BLOOD CELLS |
| THE AMOUNT OF RBC'S AND PLASMA | HEMATOCRIT MEASURES |
| MAIN FUNCTION OF RBC'S | TRANSPORT OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE |
| THE LIFE CYCLE OF A RBC | 120 DAYS |
| CAUSED BY THE ELEVATION OF BILIRUBIN IN THE BLOOD | JAUNDICE |
| THE PROCESS OF DISTROYING DISEASE-PRODUCING MICROORGANISMS, REMOVING DEAD TISSUE AND OTHER CELLULAR DEBRIS; MAIN PURPOSE OF WBC | PHAGOCYTOSIS |
| NEUTROPHILS, EOSINOPHILS, BASOPHILS | GRANULOCYTIC WBC'S |
| LYMPHOCYTES AND MONOCYTES | AGRANULOCYTIC WBC'S |
| RELEASES HEPARIN ALSO CALLED A MAST CELL | BASOPHILS |
| SIDE EFFECT OF TAKING ANTICOAGULANTS SUCH AS HEPARIN AND COUMADIN | BLEEDING OUT |
| HELPS WITH THE SYNTHESIS OF THROMBIN; PRODUCED IN THE LIVER | VITAMIN K |
| BLOCKS THE UTILIZATION OF VITAMIN K IN THE HEPATIC SYNTHESIS OF PROTHROMBIN | COUMADIN |
| UNIVERSAL BLOOD DONOR | TYPE O- |
| UNIVERSAL BLOOD RECIEVER | TYPE AB+ |
| BLOOD VESSEL SPASM, THE FORMATION OF A PLATELET PLUG, AND BLOOD CLOTTING | HEMOSTASIS |
| A CLUMPING REACTION MUCH LIKE THE CURDLING SEEN WHEN MILK AND VINEGAR ARE MIXED TOGETHER | AGGLUTINATION |
| DECREASE IN PLATELETS CAUSED BY MYELOSUPPRESSION | THROMBOCYTOPENIA |
| ELIMINATED VIA THE LIVER AND EXCRETED BY BILE | BILIRUBIN |
| AN ENHANCED RESPONSE FOR AN EVEN GREATER CHANGE IN THE SAME DIRECTION "GIVE ME MORE" | POSITIVE FEEDBACK |
| AS BLOOD LEVELS OF CORTISOL INCREASE, THE CORTISOL IN THE BLOOD CHEMICALLY "TELLS" THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND TO SLOW FUTHER PRODUCTION OF ACTH | NEGATIVE FEEDBACK |
| STEROIDS SECRETED BY THE ADRENAL CORTEX | GLUCOCORTICOIDS, MINERALCORTICOIDS, TESTOTERONE |
| CATECHOLAMINES SECRETED BY THE ADRENAL MEDULLA | EPINERPHRINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE |
| THE HEAT PRODUCING EFFECT OF THE THYROID HORMONES | CALORIGENIC EFFECT |
| GLUCOSE IN THE URINE | GLUCOSURIA OR GLYCOSURIA |
| EXCESSIVE URINATION CAUSED BY GLUCOSURIA | POLYURIA |
| EXCESSIVE THIRST CAUSED BY POLYURIA | POLYDIPSIA |
| EXCESSIVE EATING | POLYPHAGIA |
| PALE YELLOW FLUID COMPOSED MOSTLY OF WATER BUT ALSO CONTAINS IONS, PROTEINS, NUTRIENTS AND WASTE | PLASMA |
| PLASMA MINUS THE CLOTTING PROTEINS | SERUM |
| LEUKOCYTES; PROTECTS THE BODY FROM INFECTION | WHITE BLOOD CELLS |
| THROMBOCYTES; HELP CONTROL BLOOD LOSS FROM INJURED BLOOD VESSELS | PLATELETS |
| THE PROCESS OF BLOOD FORMATION | HEMOPOIESIS |
| IMMATURE RBC; CAN DEVELOPE INTO MATURE RBCs WITHIN 48 HRS OF RELEASE INTO THE BLOOD | RETICULOCYTE |
| LARGE PROTEIN MOLECULE THAT FILLS RBCs | HEMOGLOBIN |
| IRON-CONTAINING SUBSTANCE; OXYGEN ATTACHES LOOSELY TO ITS IRON ATOM | HEME |
| PROTEIN IN RBCs; HOLDS IRON ON ITS CHAINS | GLOBIN |
| TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR (TPA) | CLOT BUSTER |
| A BLOOD TEST THAT MEASURES THE TIME IT TAKES FOR A SAMPLE OF BLOOD TO CLOT | PROTHROMBINE TIME (PT) |
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nadeira66
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