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Bones & Joints
Chapter 6-8 Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bones give the body what ? | Shape/ Structure |
| the bones of the legs, pelvis and vertebral column give the body what? | Support |
| Bones do what for internal organs? | Protect |
| Bones store and release minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, this is called | Electrolyte Balance |
| Bone marrow produces ? | Blood cells |
| Bones absorbs and releases alkaline salts to help maintain a stable pH, this process is called | Acid-base balance |
| Bones that a very long axis and are longer then they are wide are called | Long Bones |
| The femur of the thigh and the humerus of the arm are examples of what kind of bones? | Long Bones |
| these bones work like levers to move limbs | Long Bones |
| Bones that are as Broad as they are long is called | Short Bones |
| these bones tend to be cubed shaped | Short Bones |
| Carpal Bones and tarsal bones are examples of what kind of bones | Short Bones |
| Bones that are Thin, flat, and often curved to protect organs are called | Flat Bones |
| Some of the bones of the skull, the ribs, and the sternum are examples of what kind of bone? | Flat Bones |
| Bone that are often clustered in groups, these Bones cone in various sizes and shapes are called | Irregular Bones |
| the vertebrae and the facial bones are examples of what kind of bones? | Irregular Bones |
| Small Bones that embedded in the tendons are called | Sesamoid Bones |
| the kneecap is an example of what kind of bone? | Sesamoid Bones |
| the head of each long bone is the | Epiphysis |
| the central shaft like portion of the bone is called the | Diaphysis |
| covering the epiphysis is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called | Articular Cartilage |
| The central hollow portion on the bone is called the | Medullary cavity |
| the inside of the medullary cavity is lined with a thin epithelial membrane called the | Endosteum |
| in children, the medullary cavity is filled with blood cell producing ___________ | Red bone Marrow |
| in adults, most red marrow had turned to _________, which is rich in fat | Yellow Bone Marrow |
| a dense fibrous membrane that covers the diaphysis is called the | Periosteum |
| these bone cells helps form bone by secreting substances that comprise the bone's matrix | Osteoblasts |
| these bone cells dissolve unwanted or unhealthy bone | Osteoclasts |
| these bone cells are mature osteoblasts that have become entrapped in the hardened bone matrix | Osteocytes |
| the study of bone is called | Osteology |
| Collagen fibers in the matrix make bone highly resistant to stretching forces, this is called | Tensile Strength |
| Calcium salts allow bones to resist strong squeezing forces, this is called | Compressional strength |
| Bone that lacks the ability to endure twisting is called | Torsional Strength |
| Bone tissue is called | Osseous Tissue |
| porous bone or bone with air pockets is called | Spongy Bone |
| this osseous tissue is found in the ends of long bones and in the middle of most other bones, but is always surrounded by more durable compact bone | Spongy Bone |
| this osseous tissue is dense and solid | Compact Bone |
| in compact bone, layers of matrix are arranged in concentric, onion like rings called | Lamellae |
| The central canal that the lamellae surround is called | Haversian/ osteonic canal |
| tiny gapes between ring of the lamellae that contain osteocytes are called | Lacunae |
| Microscopic passageways that connect the lamellae to each other called | Canaliculi |
| transverse passageways that connect the haversian canals is called | Volkmann Canals |
| when a babies skeleton evolves from cartilage to bone, this process is called | Ossification |
| a process that begins when groups of stem cells in tissue differentiate into osteoblasts is called | Intramembranous Ossification |
| Clusters of osteoblast that deposit matrix material and collagen is called the | Centers of Ossification |
| parts of a newborns skull that consists of fibrous connective tissue that is know as the "soft spot" is called | Fontanels |
| process in the fetus whereby cartilaginous skeleton transforms into bone | Endochondral Ossification |
| a layer of hyaline cartilage at the end of each bone is called the | Epiphyseal Plate |
| Reshaping or reconstructing a part of bone | Remodeling |
| the destruction of old bone is called | Resorption |
| A brake in a bone is called a | Fracture |
| when broken bones are manipulated into their original position without surgery is called | Closed Reduction |
| when surgery is needed to reposition a broken bone this is called | Open Reduction |
| the skeleton that forms the central supporting axis of the body is called | Axial Skeleton |
| Bones making up the limbs, pelvis, and shoulder areas is called | Appendicular Skeleton |
| the bony structure housing the brain is called the | Cranium |
| forms the rear of the skull | Occipital Bone |
| forms the sides of the cranium and part of the cranial floor | Temporal Bones |
| the opening in the bone for the ear is called | External Auditory Meatus |
| The prominent lump behind the ear is called | Mastoid Process |
| the check bone is called | Zygomatic Arch |
| an attachment point for several neck muscles | Styloid Process |
| Forms a key part of the cranial floor as well as the floor and side walls of the orbits | Sphenoid Bone |
| Contributes to the walls of the orbits, the roof and walls of the nasal cavity, and the nasal septum | Ethmoid bone |
| the joint between the parietal bones and the frontal bone is called | Coronal Suture |
| the line of articulation between the parietal bones and the occipital bone | Lambdoidal Suture |
| the suture that runs along the top edge of the temporal bone is called | Squamous suture |
| the joint between the right and left parietal bones is called | Sagittal suture |
| the bones of the skull join together at immovable joints called | Sutures |
| the skull contains a number of holes that allow for passage of nerves and blood called | Foramina |
| the large opening in the base of the skull that allows the spinal cord to pass through as it connects to the brain steam is called the | Foramen Magnum |
| the bones that meet to form the upper jaw is called the | Maxillae |
| these bone shape the cheeks and form the outer edge of the orbit | Zygomatic Bones |
| the largest and strongest bone of the face is called the | Mandible |
| your lower jaw is called the | Mandible |
| these are paper thin bone that form the part of the side wall of the orbit | Lacrimal Bones |
| these rectangular bones form the bridge of the nose | Nasal Bones |
| these bones contribute to the nasal cavity | Inferior nasal conchae |
| this small bone forms the inferior half of the nasal septum | Vomer |
| these bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the wall of the nasal cavity and part of the floor of the orbit | Palatine Bones |
| the bone known as the "Hammer" in the middle ear | Malleus |
| The bone in the middle eat known as the "Anvil" | Incus |
| The bone in the middle ear known as the "Stirrup" | Stapes |
| The three bones in the middle ear are called the | Auditory Ossicles |
| the "U" shaped bone that sits between the chin and the larynx | Hyoid Bone |
| an opening in the spin that allows passage for the spinal cord is called the | Vertebral Foramen |
| the weight bearing portion of the vertebra is called the | Body |
| the bumps you feel when you fun your hand along your spin, those are called | Spinous process |
| between each vertebra lays a | Intervertebral Disc |
| in the spine there is a gel-like core called the | Nucleus Pulposus |
| in the spine there is a ring of tough fibrocartilage called the | Annulus fibrosus |
| C1 of the vertebrae is known as the | Atlas |
| C2 of the vertebrae is known as the | Axis |
| C2 has a projection that allow the head to swivel from side to side called the | Dens/ Odontoid process |
| this holds the dens in place | Transverse ligament |
| the very top of the sternum that is shaped like a medallion is called the | Manubrium |
| this lies at the top of the manubrium between the two clavicles | Suprasternal Notch |
| the middle part of the sternum, which is the largest portion is called the | Body |
| the important landmark for CPR on the sternum is called the | Xiphoid process |
| the lower edges of the thoracic cage are called the | costal margins |
| the costal margins meet at the xiphoid process forming the | Costal Angle |
| ribs 1 to 7 are called | True Ribs |
| true ribs attach to the sternum by a strip of hyaline cartilage called | Costal Cartilage |
| Ribs 8-9 are called | False Ribs |
| ribs 11 and 12 do not attach to any part of the thoracic cage making them known as | Floating Ribs |
| A slightly S shaped bone that articulates with the sternum and the scapula and helps support the shoulder is called the | Clavicle |
| your shoulder blades are called | Scapula |
| the only point where the arm and the scapula attach to the rest of the Skelton, this is called the | Acromion process |
| this finger like process provides a point of attachment for some of the muscles of the arm | Coracoid Process |
| this shallow socket articulates with the head of the humerus | Glenoid Cavity |
| the enlarged end of the humerus that is covered in cartilage is called the | head |
| this is a depression on the posterior side of the humerus | Olecranon Fossa |
| this is the boney point of the elbow | Olecranon Process |
| the boney bumps that can be felt at the wrist is called the | Styloid processes of the radius and ulna |
| this bone in the forearm is located on the same side of the thumb | Radius |
| the distinctive disc that rotates in the humerus when the palm is turned forward and back | Proximal Head |
| where the biceps muscle attaches to the bone is called the | Radial Tuberosity |
| in the forearm the bone that is the longest is called the | Ulna |
| fingers are formed by bones called | Phalanges |
| these bones form the palm of the hand | Metacarpal Bones |
| these bones are arranged in two rows of four and form the wrist | Carpal Bones |
| on the pelvic bone, this is the large, flaring section you can feel under your skin | Ilium |
| on the pelvic bone, this is the lower posterior portion | Ischium |
| on the pelvic bone, this is the most anterior portion that joins with the other pubis at the symphysis pubis | Pubis |
| Posteriorly, each ox coxae articulates with the sacrum at the | Sacroiliac Joint |
| the upper, outer edge of the ilium is called the | Iliac Crest |
| point through which the sciatic nerve passes on it path to the back of the thigh | Grater Sciatic Notch |
| A depression that houses the head of the femur to form the "hip socket" | Acetabulum |
| projection into the pelvic cavity | Ischial Spine |
| this supports your body when you are sitting | Ischial Tuberosity |
| the combination of the os coxae and sternum is know as the | Pelvis |
| this extends between what's known as the pelvis brim | True pelvis |
| the lower edge of the true pelvis is know as the | Pelvic Outlet |
| this extends between the outer, flaring edges of the iliac bones | False Pelvis |
| commonly known as the kneecap | Patella |
| the long and slender bone that resides along side the tibia and helps stabilize the ankle, is called the | Fibula |
| bone in the lower leg that bears all the weight is called the | tibia |
| the distal end of the fibula forms the | Lateral Malleolus |
| this serves as the attachment point for thigh muscles | Tibial tuberosity |
| the boney knob you can palpate on your inner ankle is the | Medial Malleolus |
| these form the toes | Phalanges |
| the greatest toe is called the | Hallux |
| these bones form the middle portion of your foot | Metatarsals |
| these bones comprise the ankle | Tarsal Bones |
| these bones make up the second row of tarsal bones | Cuneiforms |
| The second largest tarsal bone is the | Talus |
| The largest tarsal bone is called the | Calcaneus |
| the branch of science that studies joint structure, function and dysfunction is called | Arthrology |
| when collagen fibers form one bone penetrate the adjacent bone, anchoring the bones in place. this is called | Fibrous Joints |
| Fibrous Joints is also Known as | Synarthroses |
| when two bones are joined together by cartilage they are called | Cartilaginous Joints |
| joints that are slightly movable are called | Amphiarthroses |
| the two pubic portions of the os coxae are jointed by a pad of cartilage called a | Symphysis |
| joints that are freely movable are called | Synovial Joints |
| Synovial Joints are also know as | Diarthroses |
| Extending form the periosteum of each of the articulating bones is a sheet of connective tissue that encloses the joint cavity is the | Joint Capsule |
| thus moist, slippery membrane lines the inside of the joint capsule, where it secretes synovial fluid | Synovial Membrane |
| this is the small space between the bones that allows for freedom of movement | Joint Cavity |
| a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers bone surfaces is called | Articular Cartilage |
| though cords of connective tissue the helps bind the bones more firmly together is called | Ligaments |
| some joints like the knee, shoulder and elbow contain small sacs filled with synovial fluid called | Bursa |
| This type of joint allows the bones to rotate or pivot | Pivot Joint |
| this joint has a ball shaped head that allows joint to move and is the widest range of motion of all joints | Ball-and-Socket Joint |
| just like the hinge on a door, these joints allow back and forth movements | Hinge Joint |
| a joint that's shaped like a saddle and concaved in each direction is called a | saddle joint |
| in this joint, the two bone surfaces side over each other. | Gliding Joint |
| this joint is oval shaped | Condyloid Joint |
| involves bending a joint so far as to decrease the angle of the joint is called | Flexion |
| involve straitening a joint, increasing the angle between the bones | Extension |
| the extreme extension of a joint beyond it normally straight position | Hyperextension |
| involves moving the toes upward | Dorsiflexion |
| involves move the toes downward | Plantar flexion |
| the movement of a body part AWAY from the midline of the body is called | Abduction |
| the movement of a body part TOWARDS the midline of the body is called | Adduction |
| when a bone spins toward the body's midline it called | Internal Rotation |
| when a bone spins AWAY form the body's mid line it called | External Rotation |
| a movement that turns the palm upward is called | Supination |
| A movement that turns the palm Downward is called | Pronation |
| a foot movement that turns the sole medially, toward the other foot is called | Inversion |
| a foot movement that turns the sold laterally, away from the other foot is called | Eversion |
| when you moves a part forward its called | Protraction |
| when you move a part Backward its called | Retraction |
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Leci81
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