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Ear Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Outer elastic cartilage funnel used to collect sound waves and direct them toward the external acoustic/auditory meatus | Auricle/Pinna |
| The rim of the auricle | Helix |
| Elevation internal and parallel to helix | Antihelix |
| Deep cavity bordered by antihelix | Concha |
| Dorsal projection anterior to concha and over orfice of the meatus | Tragus |
| A small tubercle opposite the tragus | Antitragus |
| Directly below the antitragus, lacks cartilage | Lobule/ear lobe |
| About 1 inch in length, extending from the concha to tympanic membrane/eardrum. | External Acoustic Meatus |
| The outer 1/3 of the external acoustic meatus is what? | Cartilage |
| The inner 2/3 of the external acoustic meatus pass through what? | Temporal Bone |
| External acoustic meatus secretes what? | Cerumen |
| Air filled space in temporal bone | Tympanic Cavity |
| Lateral portion of the Tympanic Cavity | Tympanic Membrane |
| Medial portion of the Tympanic Cavity | Inner Ear |
| What connects to nasopharynx? | Auditory Tube |
| 3 small bones which transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to fluid in the inner ear | Ossicles |
| What are the 3 bones which transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to fluid in the inner ear? | malleus, incus, stapes |
| Hammer-shaped outermost ossicle | Malleus |
| Anvil-shaped middle ossicle | Incus |
| The malleus has a handle embedded in the what? | Tympanic Membrane |
| Incus receives vibrations from the ____ and transmits them to the ___ | Malleus; Stapes |
| Opening on medial wall leading from the tympanic cavity into the vestibule of the inner ear | Oval Window(fenestra vestibuli) |
| What receives the base of the stapes? | Oval Window(fenestra vestibuli) |
| Membrane covered hole in medial wall | Round Window(fenestra cochleae) |
| Insertion of the Tensor Tympani muscle | Into the Malleus |
| Innervatino of the Tensor Tympani muscle | Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3) |
| Action of the Tensor Tympani muscle | Increases tension on the tympanic membrane thereby decreasing vibrations - acts as a damper to prevent damage |
| Insertion of the Stapedius muscle | Into the Stapes |
| Innervation of the Stapedius muscle | Facial (CN 7) |
| Action of the Stapedius muscle | Decreases vibration, preventing excessive movement of the stapes |
| A branch of CN 7 passing through the middle ear just medial to the malleus. Innervates what? | Chorda Tympani Nerve; Taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and some to the salivary glands. |
| Represents hollowed-out, fluid(perilymph) filled passageway in petrous portion of the temporal bone | Osseous Labyrinth |
| Central portion of osseous labyrinth | Vestibule |
| Makes up the Vestibule | Oval Window and Round Window |
| Receives the foot plate of the stapes | Oval Window |
| Covered with a membrane which accommodates changes in the fluid pressure of the perilymph | Round Window |
| 3 canals branching posterolateral from the vestibule | Semicircular Canals |
| Branching antermedial, in the shape of a snails shell, from the vestibule | Cochlea |
| Two osseous chambers of the cochlea | Scala Vestibuli and Scala Tympani |
| Attached to vestibule and running to the helicotrema at the apex of the cochlea | Scala Vestibuli |
| From the heliotrema to the round window | Scala Tympani |
| Represents a tubular fluid(endolymph) filled passageway with membranous walls positioned inside the osseous labyrinth | Membranous Labyrinth |
| Located in the vestibule and innervated by the vestibular nerve | Saccule and Utricle |
| 3 ducts attached to the utricle and located inside the semicircular canals | Semicircular Ducts |
| The semicircular ducts are also innervated by what? | Vestibular nerve |
| Attached to the saccule and located inside the cochlea, between the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani | Cochlear Duct |
| Cochlear Duct is innervated by what? | Cochlear nerve |
| Triangular cochlear duct is separated from the scala vestibuli on its superior surface by what? | Vestibular Membrane |
| Cochlear duct is separted from the scala tympani on its inferior surface by what? | Basilar Membrane |
| Resting on the upper surface of the basilar membrane is what which contains sensory what? | Spiral Organ; hair cells for hearing |
| Equilibrium is maintained by what? | Vestibular Apparatus |
| Vestibular Apparatus is comprised of | Membranous Labyrinth: Saccule, Utricle and the Semilunar Ducts |
| Receptors for static equilibrium, termed ____ are located in the walls of the ____ and ____ | Maculae; Utricle and Saccule |
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