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Judicial Branch
Chapter 11 and 12 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Writ of certiorari | request that the Supreme Court hear an appeal of a lower court’s decision |
| Briefs | legal arguments made in writing |
| Concurring opinion | Disapproves of most of an opinion’s grounds, but approves of its majority outcome |
| jurisdiction | Constitutional authority to interpret and administer law |
| docket | Court’s schedule of cases to be heard |
| amicus curiae briefs | Papers filed with the Court by groups that are affected but are not parties involved |
| district courts | Trial courts of the federal system |
| loose constructionists | believe political & social conditions be considered when interpretingConstitution |
| appellate jurisdiction | Power to review lower court’s decisions |
| courts of appeals | Courts that hear appeals of U.S. district court cases |
| majority | opinion reflects the beliefs of most court justice |
| precedents | principles that guide judges in making decisions |
| Strict constructionists | interpretation of laws & Constitution be limited to the words documents contain |
| original | a court’s authority to hear a case’s initial trial |
| judicial activism | people who argue the to protect the rights of minorities and the powerless |
| lower courts | federal court system consists of the Supreme Court and this |
| grounds | legal reasons that are the basis for a court’s decision |
| Constitution | the basis for the federal courts’ jurisdiction |
| Marbury v. Madison | the principle of judicial review was established by this Supreme Court case |
| Judicial restraint | the restricted use of judicial power |
| felonies | robbery, manslaughter, and other serious crimes |
| misdemeanors | petty larceny and other minor crimes |
| voir dire | process during which attorneys on both sides of a court case question every potentioal juror |
| common law | body of law based on decisions made in earlier court cases |
| indictment | formal accusations made against a suspected criminal |
| sequester | keep a jury in isolation during a trial |
| defendant | party that a suit is filed against |
| arraignment | official proceeding at which the accused is informed about charges against him or her |
| bail | if paid, enables accused persons to be temporarily freed from jail |
| peremptory challenge | allows an attorney to reject a juror without explaining why |
| Capital punishment | another term for the death penalty |
| Constitutional interpretation | the process of making decisions on the meaning of the Constitution |
| statutory | laws passed by local, state, and federal lawmaking bodies make up |
| bonds | held as security to discourage accused people from leaving a court’s jurisdiction |
| trial | petit jury, includes citizens who are chosen to hear a case |
| plaintiff | the party that files a lawsuit is called |
| statutory interpretation | the process by which courts interpret laws passed by legislatures |
| grand jury | decides whether the government has sufficient evidence to try accused people |
| information | a written affidavit in which a state prosecutor declares whether there is enough evidence to try a case |
| parole | release from prison before a sentence is completed |
Created by:
shupeer
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