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HS1 Exam Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ankylosis | Stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion |
| carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) | Painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass) |
| claudication | Lameness, limping |
| contracture | Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint |
| crepitation | Dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction |
| electromyography | Use of electrical stimulation to record the strength of muscle contraction |
| exacerbation | Increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms |
| ganglion cyst | tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist |
| hemarthrosis | Effusion of blood into a joint cavity |
| hypotonia | Loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching |
| multiple myeloma | Primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow |
| osteophyte | Bony outgrowth that occasionally develops on the vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord also called bone spur. |
| phantom limb | Perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists |
| prosthesis | Replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity |
| rickets | Form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis |
| sequestrum | Fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue |
| spondylolisthesis | Any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it |
| spondylosis | Degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues may cause pressure on nerve roots with subsequent pain or paresthesia in the extremities. |
| sprain | Tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete |
| strain | To exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usually muscular |
| subluxation | Partial or incomplete dislocation |
| talipes equinovarus | Congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called clubfoot |
| arthrography | Series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity, especially the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint |
| bone density tests | Radiographic procedures that use low-energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density. They are used to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occurred. |
| computed tomography (CT) | maging technique that uses an x-ray beam and a computer to make a series of cross-sectional images of a body part, which together make up a three-dimensional view of the area scanned; formerly called computerized axial tomography (CAT) |
| discography | Radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures by injecting a contrast medium |
| lumbosacral spinal radiography | Radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of the lower spine. |
| myelography | Radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions |
| scintigraphy | Nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide. |
| bone scintigraphy | Scintigraphy procedure in which radionuclide is injected intravenously and taken up into the bone. |
| Closed reduction | Reduction procedure where fractured bones are realigned by manipulation rather than surgery. |
| Open Reduction | Reduction procedure that treats bone fractures by placing the bones in their proper position using surgery. |
| casting | Application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or other material to a body part to immobilize it during the healing process |
| splinting | Application of an orthopedic device to an injured body part for immobilization, stabilization, and protection during the healing process |
| traction | Use of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fracture and facilitate the healing process |
| amputation | Partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or circulatory disease |
| arthrocentesis | Puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid |
| arthroclasia | Surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement |
| arthroscopy | Visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope that contains a magnifying lens, fiberoptic light, and miniature camera that projects images on a monitor |
| bone grafting | Implanting or transplanting bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue |
| bursectomy | Excision of bursa (padlike sac or cavity found in connective tissue, usually in the vicinity of joints) |
| laminectomy | Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra. Most commonly performed to relieve the symptoms of a ruptured intervertebral (slipped) disk. |
| revision surgery | Surgery repeated to correct problems of a previously unsuccessful surgery or to replace a worn out prothesis |
| Bone revision surgery | Revision surgery are often required to correct bone infection, misalignments of bones, broken prosthesis, and fractures of the bone around the prostheses. |
| sequestrectomy | Excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone) |
| synovectomy | Excision of a synovial membrane |
| total hip replacement | Surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis |
| Calcium Supplements | Treat and prevent hypocalcemia. Names: Calcium Carbonate (Calci-Mix, Tums); Calcium Citrate (Cal-Citrate 250, Citracal) |
| Gold Salts | Treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system. Names: auranofin (Ridaura); aurothioglucose (Solganal) |
| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) | Decrease Pain and suppress inflammation Names: ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin); naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn) |
| Salicylates | Relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation Names: aspirin (Acuprin, Aspergum, Bayer Aspirin); magnesium salicylate (Magan, Mobidin) |
| skeletal muscle relaxants | Relieve muscle spasms and stiffness Names: cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril); methocarbamol and aspirin (Robaxin) |
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
| AE | above the elbow |
| AK | above the knee |
| BE | barium enema; below the elbow |
| BK | below the knee |
| C1, C2, and so on | first cervical vertebra, second cervical vertebra, and so on |
| Ca | calcium; cancer |
| CDH | congenital dislocation of the hip |
| CTS | carpal tunnel syndrome |
| CT | computed tomography |
| DEXA, DXA | dual energy x-ray absorptiometry |
| DJD | degenerative joint disease |
| EMG | electromyography |
| Fx | fracture |
| MG | myasthenia gravis |
| HD | hemodialysis; hip disarticul ation; hearing distance |
| HNP | herniated nucleus pulposus (herniated disk) |
| HP | hemipelvectomy |
| IS | intracostal space |
| IM | intramuscular; infectious mononucleosis |
| IV | intravenous |
| KD | knee disarticulation |
| L1, L2, and so on | first lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebra, and so on |
| LS | lumbosacral spine |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| MS | musculoskeletal; multiple sclerosis; mental status; mitral stenosis |
| NSAIDs | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| ORTH, ortho | orthopedics |
| P | phosphorus; pulse |
| PCL | posterior cruciate ligament |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis; right atrium |
| RF | rheumatoid factor; radio frequency |
| ROM | range of motion |
Created by:
All_Hail_Dani
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