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Chapter 11 Keyterms
Second part for the final exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| astroturf lobbying | indirect lobbying efforts that manipulate or create public sentiment. |
| collective good | a good or service that, by its very nature, cannot be denied to anyone who wants to consume it. |
| dealignment | a trend among voters to identify themselves as independents rather than as members of a major party. |
| direct lobbying | direct interaction with public officials for the purpose of influencing policy decisions. |
| economic interest groups | groups that organize to influence government policy for the economic benefit of their members. |
| electioneering | the process of getting a person elected to public office |
| equal opportunity interest groups | groups that organize to promote the civil and economic rights of underrepresented or disadvantaged groups. |
| expressive benefits | selective incentives that derive from the opportunity to express values and beliefs and to be committed to a greater cause. |
| free rider problem | the difficulty groups in recruiting when potential members can gain the benefits of the group's actions whether they join or not. |
| governing | activities directed toward controlling the distribution of political resources by providing executive and legislative leadership, enacting agendas, mobilizing support, and building coalitions. |
| grassroots lobbying | indirect lobbying efforts that spring from widespread public concern |
| indirect lobbying | attempts to influence government policymakers by encouraging the general public to put pressure on them. |
| interest group | an organization of individuals who share a common political goal and unite for the purpose of influencing government decisions. |
| issue advocacy ads | advertisements that support issues or candidates without telling constituents how to vote. |
| lobbying | interest groups activities aimed at persuading policymakers to support the group's positions. |
| material benefits | selective incentives in the form of tangible rewards. |
| nominating convention | formal party gathering to choose candidates. |
| partisanship | loyalty to a political cause or party. |
| party activists | the "party faithful"; the rank-and-file members who actually carry out the party's electioneering efforts. |
| party base | members of a political party who consistently vote for that party's candidates |
| party bosses | party leaders, usually in an urban district, who exercised tight control over electioneering and patronage. |
| party eras | extended periods of relative political stability in which one party tends to control both the presidency and Congress. |
| party identification | voter affiliation with a political party. |
| party machines | mass-based party systems in which parties provided services and resources to voters in exchange for votes. |
| party organization | the official structure that conducts the political business of parties. |
| party platform | list of policy positions a party endorses and pledges its elected officials to enact. |
| party primary |
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