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clinical 1 ch 8
Principles of Infection Control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the state of being free from all pathogenic organisms | asepsis |
| microorganisms that cause disease | pathogens |
| a helpful and necessary balance of microorganisms that provide natural immunity against certain infections | normal flora |
| what does a miccroorganism require to sustain life, grow, and develop? | O2,pH,temperature,nutrients, water and a host to inhabit |
| people, equipment, food, water, animals, insects are examples of | reservoir or source |
| indirect contact, direct contact, bloodborne, airborne, ingestion are examples of | means of transmissions |
| non intact mucous membranes, reproductive,digestive and respiratory systems are examples of | portal of entry to host |
| What are the most common infectious agents? | bacteria,viruses,fungi,parasites,protozoa |
| infectious agent leaves the resevoir through a | portal of exit |
| how the infectious agent travels through the portal of exit into a susceptible person | means of tranmission |
| person that is capable of being infected | susceptible host |
| the vapor generated from a cough or sneeze can travel up to | three feet |
| the stages of the infectious disease process | incubation;prodromal;acute;declining; convalesant |
| Also called the silent stage and ends with the first symptoms of being sick | incubation stage |
| begins with the first onset of S&S of being sick, last 1-2 days | prodromal stage |
| when the disease reachest its highest point of development, most severe S&S occur | acute stage |
| S&S start to subside but infection is still present | declining stage |
| S&S are gone, pathogen has left, return to normal state of health | convalescent stage |
| treat all blood/body fluids as if they are infectious | universal precautions |
| an example of a guideline for disease prevention and safety | no direct patient contact with open wounds or sores |
| according to the CDC you must do what for 1-2 minutes initially then 15sec. before and after each patient contact | wash hands |
| PPE incudes | gloves;masks;gowns;labcoats;face sheilds;safety glasses/googles |
| washing and scrubbing equipment to remove blood, body fluids and tissue is called | sanitization |
| process of using chemicals to kill microorganisms | disinfection |
| process that destroys all forms of living organisms | sterilization |
| sterilizing articles using steam under pressure | autoclaving |
| common low level household disinfectants | bleach and isopropyl alcohol |
| disinfectants don't always kill | spores |
| practices used to reduce the number of micro organisms once they leave the body | medical asepsis |
| this is not a substitute for hand washing | wearing gloves |
| study of infectious diseases | epidemiology |
| process by which all disposable invasive and medical items are destroyed by flame | incineration |
| PPE stands for | personal protective equipment |
| alcohol based hand sanitizer should contain what percent of alcohol to be affective? | 60-90% |
| includes universal precautions but adds BSI, which requires the HCW to use additional PPE depending on the potential exposure to blood and OPIM | standard precautions |
| added to standard precautions, designed to specifically address the transmission of a specific infection | transmission precautions |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control |
| Elements of the infection cycle are | infectious agent;reservoir or source; portal of exit;means of transmission;portal of entry; susceptible host |
| procedures and practices used to destroy all microorganisms from instruments and additional objects before they enter a person | surgical asepsis |
| bodys ability to defend itself against pathogens and toxins | immunity |
| this occurs when antibodies are passed from a mother to fetus | natural passive immunity |
| occurs as a result of direct exposure to the antigen and the body builds its own protection | natural active immunity |
| occurs as a result of being given either the antigen or antibody to stimulate an antibody reaction | artificial immunity |
| vaccine that is a weakened form of the antigen | live attenuated |
| vaccines that are inactivated toxins produced by pathogen | toxoid vaccine |
| the bodies attempt to protect itself from microorganisms that enter the body and to heal and replace injured tissue | inflammatory response |
| an infected person trasmits pathogens to another individual through physical contact | direct contact |
| transmission that occurs through ingesting contaminated food or water;poor hand washing after coming in contact with contaminated items | indirect contact |
| transmission that occurs when a pathogen is transmitted through the air | airborne tranmission |
| occurs when an infected person coughs or sneezes | droplet transmission |
| when a mother infects a child either in utero; breast feeding or during the birthing process | vertical transmission |
| person becomes infected as a result of medical treatment; procedures; injections; surgeries | latrogenic transmission |
| handwashing is and example of | medical asepsis |
Created by:
clarevoyant1019
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