Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
muscle anatomy
muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | contractility |
| the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | exciteability |
| the ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | elasticity |
| muscles help to produce ____ essential for maintenance of normal body temperature | heat |
| each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the ? | epimysium |
| what is another connective tissue located outside the epimysium?it surrounds and seperates muscles. | fascia |
| a muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called muscle fasciculi, which are surrounded by loose connective tissue called the ? | perimysium |
| the fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called ? | fibers |
| each muscle fiber is a single cylindrical cell containing several ? | nuclei |
| each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the ? | endomysium |
| the cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with ? | myofibrils |
| a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other ? | myofibrils |
| myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers ? | actin and myosin myofilaments |
| thin myofilaments. they resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together...... | actin myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments. they resemble bundles of minute golf clubs.... | myosin myofilaments |
| actin and myosin myofilaments for highly ordered units called ? | sarcomere |
| these are joined end to end to form the myofibril? | sarcomere |
| the basic structural and functional unity of the muscle ? | sarcomere |
| each sarcomere extends from one z line to another. each z line is an attachment site for ? | actin |
| the arrangement of actin and myosin give a ________ appearance? | banded |
| on each side of the z line is a light area called an I band, it consists of ? | actin |
| the A band extends the length of the ? | myosin |
| the _ ____ is the darker central region in each sarcomere | a band |
| in the center of each sarcomere is another light area called the _ ____? | h zone |
| the h zone consists of ? | myosin |
| myosin mmyofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band called the _ ____? | m line |
| the change difference across the membrane is called the ? | resting membrane potential |
| when a muscle cell is stimulated the membrane characteristics change briefly. the brief reversal back of the charge is called _____? | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers ? | motor neurons |
| axons enter the muscled and branch. each branch that connects to the muscle forms a ? | neuromuscular junction |
| a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called ? | a motor unit |
| many motor units form a ? | single muscle |
| a __________ is formed by an enlarged nerve terminal resting in an indentation of the muscle cell membrane. | neuromuscular junction |
| the enlarged nerve terminal is the ? | presynaptic terminal |
| the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the ? | synaptic cleft |
| the muscle fiber between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the ? | postsynaptic terminal |
| each presynaptic terminal contains ? | synaptic vesicles |
| synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called ? | acetylcholine |
| what diffuses across the snyaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing a change in the postsynaptic cell ? | acetylcholine |
| the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzyme called? | acetylcholinesterase |
| what occurs when actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing the sarcomeres to shorten? | muscle contraction |
| when the ________ shortens it causes the muscle to shorten. | sarcomere |
| the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called ______? | sliding filament mechanism |
| contraction of the entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. | muscle twitch |
| a muscle will not respond to a stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called ? | threshold |
| when _____ occurs the muscle fiber will contract maximally | threshold |
| when the muscle fiber contracts maximally this phenomenon is called ? | all or none response |
| the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the ______? | lag phase |
| the time of contraction is the _______? | contraction phase |
| the time during which the muscle relaxes is the ? | relaxation phase |
| where the muscle doesn't have time to fully relax? | tetany |
| the increase in number of motor units being activated is called ? | recruitment |
| the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the ? | belly |
| these contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast twitch fibers |
| these contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | slow twitch fibers |
| the most stationary end of the muscle | origin |
| the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement? | insertion |
| points of attachment of each muscle are? | origin and insertion |
| at these attachment points, the muscle is connected to the bone by the ? | tendon |
| some muscles have multiple ? | origins and heads. |
| this refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time? | muscle tone |
| isometric | equal distance |
| isotonic | equal tension |
| this results when atp is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells | muscle fatigue |
| the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells. | oxygen debt |
| when at rest muuscles can't stockpile atp but they can store another high energy molecule... | creatine phosphate |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called ? | synergists |
| muscles that work in opposition to one another are called ? | antagonists |
| among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement, it is called the ? | prime mover |
| occipito frontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| orbicularis occuli | closes the eye lid |
| orbicularis oris | puckers lips |
| buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| chewing | mastication |
| four chewing muscles | temporalis, masseter, & 2 types of pterygoids |
| kissing muscles ? | orbicularis oris & the buccinator |
| what happens at a neuromuscular junction? | a chemical referred to as a neurotransmitter is released |
| what muscles are involved in mastication? | buccinator, masseter, and the temporalis |
| what are intrinsic tongue muscles? | the intrinsic tongue muscles lie entirely within the tongue. & also alter the shape of the tongue for talking and swallowing |
| what are extrinsic tongue muscles? | they attach the tongue to other structures... they reposition the tongue |
| what do muscles help produce that is essential for the maintenance of normal body temperature | heat |
| what are the four major muscle characteristics ? | contractility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity |
| what is the location of the skeletal muscles | attached to the bones, or some facial muscles are attached to the skin. |
| what is the location of cardiac muscles ? | they are found in the walls of the heart |
| what is the location of smooth muscles? | they are mostly found in walls of hollow visceral organs |
| what are the three types of muscles? | skeletal, smooth, and cardiac |
| the unique characteristic that sets muscles apart from other body tissue? | contraction, or shortening |
| skeletal muscle is also known as? | striated muscle or voluntary muscle |
| what are the four muscle functions? | produces movement, maintains posture, stabilizes joints, and generated heat |
| specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| irritability | ability to recieve and respond to a stimulus |
| graded responses | the way muscles react to stimuli |
| if tthe nerve supply to a muscle is destroyed, the muscle? | loses tone and becomes paralyzed. |
| flexion | movement generally in the sagittal plane |
| extension | movement that increases the angle or distance between two bones |
| rotation | movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis |
| abduction | moving a limb away from the midline |
Created by:
taylaa94
Popular Anatomy sets