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Super Back Muscles

Back muscle origin, insertion, innervation, action

QuestionAnswer
Trapezius Muscle Origin Medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
Trapezius Insertion Spine and acromion of scapula
Trapezius Innervation Spinal accessory nerve (Cranial Nerve XI)
Trapezius Action Superior: elevation Middle: retracts Inferior: depresses scapula Superior+inferior: rotate shoulder joint superiorly
Latissimus dorsi origin spinous processes of T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
Latissimus dorsi insertion inferior intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Latissimus dorsi innervation thorcodorsal nerve (C6-C8 anterior rami)
Latissimus dorsi action extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus
Levator scapulae origin transverse processes of C1-C4
levator scapulae insertion medial border of scapula, superior to root of scapular spine
Levator scapulae action elevates scapula and rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly
rhomboid major origin spinous process of T2-T5
rhomboid major insertion medial border of scapula
rhomboid major innervation Dorsal scapular nerve (c4,C5 anterior rami)
Rhomboid major action retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity; fix scapula to thoracic wall
Rhomboid minor origin nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7 and T1
Name Superficial Extrinsic Back Muscles trapezius, Latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor
Name the Intermediate extrinsic back muscles Serratus posterior superior (SPS) and serratus posterior inferior (SPI)
Serratus Posterior Superior Origin Nuchal Ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3
Serratus Posterior Superior insertion Ribs 2 to 4
Serratus Posterior Superior innervation T2-T5 anterior rami of spinal nerves
Serratus Posterior Superior action Elevate ribs 2 to 4, but function is proprioception during respiration
Serratus Posterior Inferior origin Spinous processes of T11-L2
Serratus Posterior Inferior insertion Ribs 8 to 12
Serratus Posterior Inferior innervation T9-T12 anterior rami of spinal nerve
Serratus Posterior Inferior action Depress ribs 8-12, but function is proprioception during respiration
Name Superfical intrinsic back muscles splenius cervicis and capitis
Splenius Cervicis origin Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 to T3/4
Splenius Cervicis insertion Transverse processes of C1 to C3/4
Splenius Cervicis action Unilaterally – laterally flex the neck and rotate head to the side of the active muscle Bilaterally – Extend head and neck
Splenius Cervicis innervation Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Splenius Capitus origin Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 to T3/4
Splenius Capitus insertion Mastoid process and nuchal line
Splenius Capitus innervation Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Splenius Capitus action Unilaterally – laterally flex the neck and rotate head to the side of the active muscle Bilaterally – Extend head and neck
intermediate intrinsic back muscles (erector spinae group), "I Love Sex", spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis
Spinalis origin Broad tendon from posterior iliac crest, sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament
Spinalis insertion Spinous processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae
Spinalis innervation Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Spinalis action Unilaterally – laterally flex vertebral column Bilaterally – Extend vertebral column and head
longissimus origin Broad tendon from posterior iliac crest, sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament
longissimus insertion Postero-medial aspect of ribs, cervical transverse processes, and mastoid process
longissimus innervation Posterior rami of spinal nerves
longissimus action Unilaterally – laterally flex vertebral column Bilaterally – Extend vertebral column and head
iliocostalis origin Broad tendon from posterior iliac crest, sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament
iliocostalis insertion Lateral to longissimus on ribs and cervical transverse processes
iliocostalis innervation Posterior rami of spinal nerves
iliocostalis action Unilaterally – laterally flex vertebral column Bilaterally – Extend vertebral column and head
Deep Intrinsic back muscles (transversos pinalis group) "Some Men Rape" Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores
Semispinalis origin Transverse processes of C4 to T12
Semispinalis insertion Thoracic and cervical spinous processes, and space between superior and inferior nuchal lines on cranium
Semispinalis innervation Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Semispinalis action Extends head, thoracic and cervical vertebral column, rotates contralaterally
Multifidus origin Posterior sacrum, transverse processes of lumbar, thoracic and cervical vertebrae
Multifidus insertion Spinous processes of vertebrae 2-4 vertebrae ABOVE their origin
Multifidus innervation Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Multifidus action Extension, lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column
Rotatores origin Transverse processes of vertebrae
Rotatores insertion Lamina of vertebrae immediately or two segments above it’s origin
Rotatores innervation Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Rotatores action Rotates vertebral column, functions to stabilize the vertebrae
Deep posterior neck muscles Rectus Capitis major and minor, and obliquus capitus superior
Rectus Capitis major origin C2 spinous process
Rectus Capitis major insertion lateral part of inferior nuchal line
Rectus Capitis major innervation suboccipital nerve (c1 spinal nerve posterior ramus)
Rectus Capitis major action Extention of the atlanto-occipital joint, ipsilateral rotation of the atlanto-axial joint
Rectus Capitis minor origin C1 posterior arch
Rectus Capitis minor insertion medial part of inferior nuchal line
Rectus Capitis minor innervation suboccipital nerve (C1 spinal nerve posterior ramus)
Rectus Capitis minor action extension of the atlanto-occipital joint, ipsilateral rotation of the atlanto-axial joint
Obliquus capitis superior origin C1 transverse process
Obliquus capitis superior insertion occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Obliquus capitis superior innervation suboccipital nerve (C1 spinal nerve posterior ramus)
Obliquus capitis superior action extension and lateral flexion of the atlanto-occipital joint
Obliquus capitis inferior origin C2 posterior arch
Obliquus capitis inferior insertion C1 transverse process
Obliquus capitis inferior innervation suboccipital nerve (C1 spinal nerve posterior ramus)
Obliquus capitis inferior action ipsilateral rotation of the atlanto-axial joint
levator scapulae innervation dorsal scapular nerve (C5 anterior ramus root) and C3,4 anterior rami
Created by: afiahmed
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