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Handley's Ch.6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contractility | Ability of muscle to shorten with force. |
| Excitability | Capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. |
| Extensability | Ability for muscle to be stretched. |
| Elasticity | Ability tp recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. |
| Muscle | Helps produce heat essential for maintenance of normal body temperature. |
| Epimysium | Connective tissue sheath surrounding the muscle. |
| Fascia | Connective tissue located outside of the epimysium. |
| Muscle Fasciculi | (Fascicle) Numerous visible bundles that are surrounded by loose connective tissue. |
| Perimysium | Loose connective tissue that surrounds muscle fasciculi. |
| Fibers | Single muscle cells that compose fasciculi. |
| Endomysium | Connective tissue sheath that surrounds each fiber. |
| Myofibrils | Threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. Also fills the cytoplasm of each fiber. |
| 2 types of protein fibers | Actin Myofilaments and Myosin Myofilaments. |
| Actin Myofilaments | Thin myofilament that resemble to minute strands of pearls twisted together. |
| Myosin Myofilaments | Thick myofilaments that resemble bundles of minute golf clubs. |
| Sarcomeres | Highly ordered units formed by Actin and Myosin myofilaments. |
| Myofibrils | Formed by highly ordered units (Sarcomeres) that join end to end. |
| Resting Membrane Potential | Charge difference across the membrane. |
| Action Potential | The brief reversal back of the charge. |
| Motor Neurons | Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. |
| Axons | Enter the muscle and branch. |
| Neuromuscular Junction | (Synapse) Each branch that connects to the muscle near the center of the wall. |
| Motor Unit | Single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates. |
| Presynaptic Terminal | Enlarged nerve terminal. |
| Synaptic Cleft | The space between the Presynaptic Terminal and the Muscle Cell. |
| Postsynaptic Terminal | Muscle fiber. |
| Synaptic Vesicles | Contained in each presynaptic terminal and secretes a nerotransmitter. |
| Acetycholine | Neurotransmitter that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing change in the postsynaptic cell. |
| Acetycholinesterase | The acetycholine is rapidly broken down by enzymes. |
| Sliding Fialment Mechanism | Sliding of actin myofilaments during contraction. |
| Muscle Twitch | Contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus. |
| Threshold | A point in which the muscle fiber will contract maximally. |
| Lag Phase | The beginning of a contraction. |
| Contraction Phase | The time of contraction. |
| Relaxation Phase | The time which during a muscle relaxes. |
| Tetany | Muscle remains contracted without relaxing. |
| Recruitment | The increase in number of motor units being activated. |
| Origin | (Head) The most stationary end of the muscle. |
| Insertion | The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement. |
| Belly | The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion. |
| Synergists | Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements. |
| Antagonists | Muscles that work opposite of each other. |
| Prime Mover | One muscle playing the major role in accomplishing the desired movement in a group of synergists. |
| Creatine Phosphate | High energy molecule that is stored in muscle cells. |
| Anaerobic Respiration | Without oxygen. |
| Aerobic Respiration | With oxygen (more efficient). |
| Oxygen Debt | The amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose. |
| Muscle Fatigue | Results when ATP is used faster than it is produced. |
| Isometric | (Equal Distance)Length of muscle doesn't change. Tension increases during contractions. |
| Isotonic | (Equal Tension) The tension produced is constant during contractions. The length of the muscle changes. |
| Muscle Tone | Keeps head up and back straight. Refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. |
| Fast Twitch Fibers | Contract and fatigue quickly. |
| Slow Twitch Fibers | Contract slowly and more resistant to fatigue. |
| Occipitofrontalis | Raises the eyebrow. |
| Orbicularis Oculi | Closes the eyelid. |
| Orbicularis Oris | Pucker the lips (kissing muscle). |
| Buccinator | Flattens the cheeks (trumpeters muscle). |
| Orbicularis Oris & Buccinator | Work together for kissing. |
| Zygomaticus | Smiling. |
| Levator Labii Superiorous | Sneering. |
| Depressor Anguli Oris | Frowning. |
| Mastication | Chewing. |
| 4 pairs of mastication | Masseter, Temporalis, and 2 pair of pterygoids. |
| 2 toungue muscles | Intrensic and Extrensic. |
| Intrensic Tongue Muscle | Changes the shape of the tongue. |
| Extrensic Tongue Muscle | Moves the tongue. |
| Sternocleidomastoid | Rotates and abducts the neck (Twisted neck). |
| Z Line | Extension of a sarcomere. |
| I Band | Light area on each side of the Z Lines. |
| A Band | Extends the length of the myosin. The darker region in the sarcomere. |
| H Zone | The light area in the center of each sarcomere consisting of myosin only. |
| M Line | A dark staining band in the center of a sarcomere where myofilaments are anchored. |
| ATP | (Adenosine Triphosphate) Needed for energy for muscle contractions. |
| ADP | (Adenosine Diphosphate) Plus Phosphate. |
| 8 ways muscles recieve names: | Location, Size, Orientation of fibers, Shape, Origin, Insertion, Function, Ect. |
Created by:
Savannah96
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