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Ch.29 Athens
History Alive! The Ancient World ©2004 TCI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who led Athens to rebuild? | Pericles |
| When was Athens the artistic and cultural center of Greece? | 479 - 431 B.C.E. |
| What is an agora? | the public meeting place in the center of a Greek city |
| What is an acropolis? | the hill above a Greek city upon which temples were built |
| What is the Pantheon? | the temple honoring the goddess Athena, built on the acropolis above Athens |
| How tall were most Athens houses? | one story |
| What were most Athens houses made with? | mud bricks |
| How were Athens homes lit? | oil lamps |
| What was the interior of most Athens houses like in winter? | smoky and cold |
| What was the interior of most Athens houses like in summer? | smoky and hot |
| What were the streets between houses in Athens like? | narrow, crooked, and dirty |
| Why did Athens neighborhoods smell bad? | people threw their garbage in the streets |
| What were government building in Athens made with? | stone |
| Why did Athenians believe that Athena had not abandoned the city after the Persians burned it to the ground? | the sacred olive tree sprouted a new leaf from its burnt trunk |
| The temple of Delphi was dedicated to which god? | Apollo |
| Who conveyed the words of Apollo? | the Oracle of Delphi |
| Where was the home of the gods? | Mount Olympus |
| What is a myth? | a traditional story that helps to explain a culture's beliefs |
| Where did Greeks hold their religious ceremonies? | outside |
| What did Greeks build as dwelling places for the gods? | temples |
| What are the three kinds of Greek columns? | Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian |
| Which kind of column had no base and got slimmer toward the top? | Doric |
| Which kind of column sat on a base and had spirals carved in the top? | Ionic |
| Which was the most decorative kind of column, with carvings that looked like leaves at the top? | Corinthian |
| How many columns were along the front and how many along each side of the Parthenon? | 8 and 17 |
| What are the triangular areas on the front and back of the Parthenon created by the sloping roofs called? | pediments |
| What is the band of sculptures at the top of the Parthenon called? | frieze |
| What are the sculptures in the frieze called? | metopes |
| What was in the main room of a Greek temple? | a statue of the temple's god or goddess |
| How tall was the statue of Athena in the Parthenon? | 30 feet |
| What was the statue of Athena in the Parthenon made of? | wood covered with ivory, dressed in clothes and decorated with gold |
| What was the first step in making a stone sculpture? | a life-size clay model supported by wooden or metal frames |
| Who was the sculptor who created the statue of Athens in the Parthenon? | Phidias |
| What was added to Greek stone sculptures? | bronze pieces, wax, and bright colored paint |
| What was one of the great achievements of Greek sculptors? | creating lifelike statues |
| What was the main influence of early Greek statues? | Egyptian sculpture |
| What were early Greek sculptures like? | larger-than-life figures that faced front, with their arms held stiffly at their sides |
| What were later Greek sculptures like? | realistic figures in natural poses with detailed muscles, hair, and clothing |
| What was carved on the gold shield on the statue of Athena at the Parthenon? | the faces of Pericles and Phidias |
| Where was drama performed in Athens? | the Theater of Dionysus |
| How many people could the Theater of Dionysus hold? | thousands |
| In Greek drama, what was the name for a group of actors who recited lines that commented on the actions of the characters? | chorus |
| Who were the actors in Greek drama? | men |
| What did Greek actors do to indicate whether they were playing a male or female character; and whether a character was happy or sad? | wore masks |
| What were Greek theaters shaped like? | a bowl |
| Where were Greek theaters built? | in the side of a hill |
| What were the four categories in Greek drama competitions? | tragic playwrights, comic playwrights, leading tragic actor, and leading comic actor |
| What is philosophy? | the search for wisdom or knowledge |
| Who was the greatest philosopher in Athens? | Socrates |
| How did Socrates teach people? | he asked questions |
| What happened when Socrates' enemies accused him or not honoring the gods and misleading young people? | he was put on trial |
| When was Socrates put on trial? | 399 B.C.E. |
| What happened when Socrates went on trial? | he was sentenced to death |
| How did Socrates die? | he drank hemlock |
| Who was Socrates' most famous student? | Plato |
| What festival honored Athena? | the Panathenaea |
| What was the high point of the Panathenaea? | the procession |
| What happened during the procession of the Panathenaea? | Athenians conveyed a new robe for the statue of Athena through the city to the temple |
| What was the Panathenaic event in which men punched, kicked, and even choked each other? | the pancratium |
| When did the pancratium end? | when one fighter surrendered, lost consciousness, or died |
| What were winning athletes in the Panathenaic games given? | a laurel wreath and pots of olive oil |
| What games were played to honor the god Zeus? | the Olympics |
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mushijima
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