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Unit 1:Integumentary
Anatomy and Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Epidermis | Outermost layer; containing keratin |
| Stratum Corneum | Most superficial layer of four layers of the epidermis called stratum. |
| Basal Layer | Deepest region of epidermis |
| Stratum Germinativum or Stratum Basale | The growth layer of the stratum. |
| Dermis | The second layer of skin |
| Two layers of the dermis | The Papillare layer and the Reticulare layer |
| The Integumentary System consists of: | Fibrous connective tissue or skin appendages Blood vessels; Nerves; Hair; Nails; Glands |
| Subcutaneous Tissue or Hypodermis | Not considered a layer of skin. Contains fat tissue and fibrous connective tissue. AKA: Superficial fascia Connects skin to underlying muscle |
| Nails | Keratin plates covering dorsal surface of each finger and toe. |
| Lunula | Semilunar or half-moon. White area at base of nail plate is growth area. Thickens and lengthens nail. |
| Eponychium | Cuticle: Narrow band of epidermis at base and sides of nail. |
| Paronychium | Soft tissue around nail border. |
| Sebaceous Glands | Located in the dermal layer. Secrete sebum that lubricates skin/hair Influenced by sex hormones so they hypertrophy in adolescence & atrophy in old age. |
| Sudoriferous Glands | Originates in dermis. AKA: Sweat Glands Extend up through epidermis opening as pores. Secrete mostly water & salts to cool body. |
| aden/o | in relationship to a gland |
| adip/o | fat |
| albin/o | white |
| aut/o | self |
| bi/o | life |
| caus/o | burning sensation |
| cauter/o | burn |
| crypt/o | hidden |
| cutane/o | skin |
| cyan/o | blue |
| derm/o, dermat/o | skin |
| diaphor/o | profuse sweating |
| eosin/o | rosy |
| erythem/o | red |
| erythr/o | red |
| heter/o | different |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| ichthy/o | dry/scaly |
| jaund/o | yellow |
| kerat/o | hard |
| leuk/o | white |
| lip/o | fat |
| lute/o | yellow |
| melan/o | black |
| myc/o | fungus |
| necr/o | death |
| onych/o | nail |
| pachy/o | thick |
| pht/o | plant |
| pil/o | hair |
| poli/o | gray matter |
| py/o | pus |
| rhytid/o | wrinkle |
| rube/o | red |
| seb/o | sebum/oil |
| staphyl/o | clusters |
| steat/o | fat |
| strept/o | twisted chain |
| squam/o | flat/scalelike |
| trich/o | hair |
| ungu/o | nail |
| xanth/o | yellow |
| xer/o | dry |
| epi- | on/upon |
| hyper- | over |
| hypo- | under |
| intra- | within |
| para- | beside |
| per- | through |
| peri- | surrounding |
| sub- | under |
| -coccus | spherical bacterium |
| -ectomy | removal |
| -ia | condition |
| -malacia | softening |
| -opsy | view of |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -rrhea | discharge |
| -tome | an instrument to cut |
| -tomy | to cut |
| bx | biopsy |
| ca | cancer |
| derm | dermatology |
| I | incision and drainage |
| subcu, subq, SC, SQ | subcutaneous |
| PPD | tuberculin skin test |
| Absence | Without |
| Adipose | Fatty |
| Albinism | Lack of color pigment |
| Allograft | Homograft, same species graft |
| Alopecia | Condition in which hair falls out |
| Anhidrosis | Deficiency of sweat |
| Autograft | From patient's own body |
| Avulsion | Ripping or tearing away of part either surgically or accidentally |
| Biopsy | Removal of a small piece of living tissue for diagnostic purposes |
| Causalgia | Burning pain |
| Collagen | Protein substance of skin |
| Debridement | Cleansing of or removal of dead tissue from a wound |
| Delayed flap | Pedicle of skin with blood supply that is separated from origin over time |
| Dermabrasion | Planing of skin by jeans of sander, brush, or sandpaper |
| Dermatologist | Physician who treats conditions of skin |
| Dermatoplasty | Surgical repair of skin |
| Electrocautery | Cauterization by means of heated instrument |
| Epidermolysis | Loosening of epidermis |
| Epidermomycosis | Superficial fungal infection |
| Epithelium | Surface covering of internal and external organs of body |
| Erythema | Redness of skin |
| Esharotomy | Surgical incision into necrotic (dead) tissue |
| Fissure | Cleft or groove |
| Free full-thickness graft | Graft of epidermis and dermis that is completely removed from donor area. |
| Furuncle | Nodule in skin caused by Staphylococcus entering through hair follicle. |
| Hematoma | A localized collection of blood, usually result of a break in a blood vessel. |
| Hemograft | Allograft, same species graft |
| Ichthyosis | Skin disorder characterized by scaling |
| Incise | To cut into |
| Island pedicle flap | Contains a single artery and vein that remains attached to origin temporarily or permanently |
| Leukoderma | Depigmentation of skin |
| Leukoplakia | White patch on mucous membrane |
| Lipocyte | Fat cell |
| Lipoma | Fatty tumor |
| Melanin | Dark pigment of skin |
| Melanoma | Tumor of epidermis, malignant and black in color |
| Mohs surgery or Mohs micrographic surgery | Removal of skin cancer in layers by a surgeon who also acts as a pathologist during surgery. |
| Muscle flap | Transfer of muscle from origin to recipient site |
| Neurovascular flap | Contains artery, vein, and nerve |
| Pedicle | Growth attached with a stem |
| Pilosebaceous | Pertains to hair follicles and sebaceous glands |
| Sebaceous gland | Secretes sebum |
| Seborrhea | Excess sebum secretion |
| Sebum | Oily substance |
| Split-thickness graft | All epidermis and some of dermis |
| Steatoma | Fat mass in sebaceous gland |
| Stratified | Layered |
| Stratum (strata) | Layer |
| Subungual | Beneath the nail |
| Xanthoma | tumor composed of cells containing lipid material, yellow in color. |
| Xenograft | Different species graft |
| Xeroderma | Dry, discolored, scaly skin |
| Macule | Flat area of color change (mostly reddened) No elevation or depression Ex: flat moles, freckles |
| Papule | Solid elevation. Less than 1.0 cm in diameter. May run together and form plaques. Ex: warts, lichen planus, elevated mole. |
| Nodule | Solid elevation 1-2 cm in diameter. Extends deeper into dermis than papule. Ex: lipoma, erythema nodosum, enlarged lymph nodes. |
| Pustule | elevated area. filled with purulent fluid. Ex: pimple, impetigo, abscess. |
| Tumor | Solid mass. Uncontrolled, progressive growth of cells. Ex: hemangioma, neoplasm; lipoma. |
| Plaque | Flat, elevated surface. Equal or greater than 1.0 cm. Ex: psoriasis, seborrheic keratosis. |
| Wheal | Temporary localized elevation of skin. Results in transient edema in dermis. Ex: Insect bite, allergic reaction. |
| Vesicle | Small blister. Less than 1 cm in diameter. Filled with serous fluid in epidermis. Ex: Herpes Zoster (shingles), varicella (chickenpox) |
| Bulla | Large blister. Greater than 1.0 cm in diameter Ex: blister |
| Scales | Flakes of cornified skin layer. Ex: dry skin |
| Crust | Dried exudate on skin Ex: scab |
| Fissure | Cracks in skin. Ex: Athlete's foot, openings in corners of mouth |
| Erosion | Loss of epidermis. Does not extend into dermis. Example: blisters |
| Scar | Excess collagen production following surgery or trauma. Ex: Healed surgical wound |
| Atrophy | Loss of some portion of skin and appears translucent. Ex: Aged skin Not a lesion, but a physiologic response in aging process |
| Ulcer | Area of destruction of entire epidermis. Ex: Missing tissue on heel, decubitus bedsore (pressure sore) |
| Pressure Ulcer, AKA: Decubitis Ulcer | Result of pressure or force. Occludes blood flow, causing ischemia and tissue death. Develops over bony prominence. |
| Locations of pressure ulcers: | Coccygeal (end of spine) Sacral (between hips) Heel Elbow Ischial (lower hip) Trochanteric (outer hip) |
| Pressure Sores: Staging or Classification System | Stage 1: Erythema (redness) of skin Stage 2: Partial loss of skin (epidermis or dermis) Stage 3: Full thickness loss of skin (up to but not through fascia) Stage 4: Full thickness loss (extensive destruction & necrosis) |
| Keloids | Sharply elevated, irregularly shaped scars that progressively enlarge. Due to excessive collagen in corneum during connective tissue repair. Result of tissue repair or trauma Familial tendency for formation |
| Cicatrix | Normal scar left after wound healing |
| Atopic Dermatitis: Unknown etiology | Exogenous (external) causes include: Irritant dermatitis Allergic contact dermatitis Endogenous (internal) cause includes: Seborrheic dermatitis |
| Atopic Dermatitis results in activation of: | Mast cells Eosinophils T lymphocytes Monocytes |
| Atopic Dermatitis is greater in those with family history of: | Asthma Dry skin Eczema Allergic rhinitis |
| Atopic Dermatitis is common in: | Children Infants |
| Atopic Dermatitis results in: | Chronic inflammation Scratching Erythema Thickened, leathery skin (lichenification) Secondary Staphylococcus aureus infection |
| Atopic Dermatitis treatments include: | Topical steroid Antibiotic for secondary infection Antihistamines |
Created by:
Laura Duncan
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