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Hearty Heart
Chapter 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The heart is surrounded by a ______ ______ sac called the pericardium. | double layer |
| Two layers of the pericardium are _______pericardium and _______ pericardium | fibrous, serous |
| The fibrous pericardium is the _______ ______ made of strong connective tissue | outer layer |
| The two layers of the serous pericardium are ____ layer and ______ layer | parietal, visceral |
| The pericardial cavity of the heart contains ______ ______ to help prevent friction | serous fluid |
| The three layers of the heart are | endocardium, myocardium, epicardium |
| In the hearts wall the __________ consists of a thin layer of squamonus epithelial cells and lines the hearts chambers | enodcardium |
| The layer that covers the heart and consists of a thin layer of squamonus epithelial cells is | epicardium |
| The myocardium is middle layer of the heart and the thinnest/thickest | thickest |
| The myocardium is made of ________ _______ | cardiac muscle |
| The heart has 2/4/6 hollow chambers | 4 |
| Atria are the ______ chambers of the heart | upper |
| The two lower chambers of the heart are called | ventricles |
| Vessels that transport blood to and from the heart are called | Great vessels |
| Right and left ventricles are separated by the | interventricular septum |
| Left and right atria are separated by the _______ ______ | interatrial septum |
| The ________ pump blood to the body and lungs | ventricles |
| The right ventricle pumps blood to the ________ | lungs |
| The _______ ventricle pumps blood to the body | left |
| Which side of the ventricles is thicker | the left is thicker to push more blood through the body |
| The ____ regulate the flow between the atria and the ventricles | (AV) atrioventricular valves |
| Why is the right AV valve also called the tricuspid valve | it has three leaflets |
| The right AV valve prevents backflow from the _____ ventricle to the _____ atria | right, right |
| _________ valve prevents backflow from the left ventricle tro the left atria | Bicuspid or mitral |
| Which valves regulate flow between the ventricles and the great arteries | semilunar |
| Pulmonary valve prevents backflow from the _______ artery to the _______ ventricle | pulmonary, right |
| The aortic valve prevents backflow from the ______ to the _______ ventricle | aorta, left |
| What causes the vibrations we know as heart beats | the heart valves closing |
| The purpose of the skeleton of the heart is: | to keep the valves from stretching and acts as a barrier between the atria and ventricles. |
| What is the connection between the left and right sides of the heart | there is no connection, the blood flow is separate. |
| Describe the purpose of the chordae tendineae | to prevent the tricuspid valve from inverting |
| When the left atrium is full the _____ _____opens and blood is pumped into the left ventricle | mitral valve |
| ______ ______ pump oxygenated blood to the myocardium and deoxygenated blood goes to the | cororanary arteries,cardiac veins |
| Coronary arteries bring________ blood to feed the heart. | oxygenated |
| The left ventricle is also known as _________ and __________ valve | mitral or bicuspid |
| The left ventricle has _____ cusps | two |
| The right ventricle has _______ cusps | four |
| ________ ________ are strands of fibrous connective tissue that attach to the bottom AV valves | Chordae tenineae |
| __________ ________ are projections of muscles off of the ventricular wall that attach to the other end of the chordae tendineae | Papillary muscles |
| Superior vena cava receives blood from _______ body | upper |
| Inferior vena cava receives blood from ________ body | lower |
| Another name for the tricuspid valve is ________________ | atrioventricular valve (AV) |
| Epicardium is simple squamous epithelium covering the ___________ | myocardium |
| __________ is simple squamous empithelium lining the 4 chambers, | Endocardium |
| What semi-rigid, fibrous, connective tissue surrounds each valve. | skeleton of the heart |
| A resting heart beats ______ per minute | 75-80 |
| Heart rate multiplied by ______ equals cardiac output | stroke volume |
| What two ways affect cardiac out put | changing the heart rate and stroke volume |
| The point of maximum impulse of the heart is _____ | apex |
| What slows the heart rate | parasympathetic nervous system |
| Name two functions of the fibrous skeleton | insulates electrical system of the heart and prevents valves from stretching |
| The left coronary artery branches into the ________ arteries | circumflex |
| What can cause ischemia(lack of blood) | blockage of the arteries |
| What is the pacemaker of the heart | sinoatrial node |
| Give another name for the atriventricular bundle | HIS |
| ___ _____ of an EKG represents atrial depolarization | P-wave |
| PR interval is the time it takes the impulses to travel from the ____ to the ______ | atria, valves |
| What represents ventricular depolarization | QRS complex |
| Name the gap between ventricular depolarization and repolarization | ST segment |
| What represents ventricular repolarization | T-wave |
| __________ is conscious awareness of arrhythmias | Palpitation |
| Fibrillation is uncoordinated _________ | contraction |
| What is the sequence of events in a heartbeat called | cardiac cycle |
| The contraction of a chamber is called | systolic |
| The relaxation of a chamber is called | diastolic |
| The ______systole(lub) is followed by ____________ systole(dub) | atrial,ventricular |
| Contractility is the force of _________ __________ | ventricular ejection |
| The harder the ventricle muscle fibers are stretched the more forcefully they contract is called______ _______ | Starlings law |
| ________ ________ is the difference between resting output and maximum output in liters | Cardiac reserve |
| The average amount of blood that is pumped through the ventricle is ____%-____% | 60-70 |
| What is the amount of blood left in the ventricle during ejection fraction | 30%-40% |
| What opposes the ejection of blood and can decrease stroke volume | after load |
| What is an example of after load | systemic hypertension |
| The heart is located behind the ______ and ______ between the lungs | sternum, thoracic cavity |
| The _______ is the space centrally located between the lungs | mediastinum |
| The endocardium is very smooth to prevent __________ | clotting |
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sunshine63
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