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Practice exam 2 lec
Practice exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plasmids: | are small, circular stretches of DNA found in bacteria that can be transferred between bacteria during conjugation |
| The complete oxidation of glucose typically involves which three stages? | Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the electron transport chain. |
| Which one of the following is normally found in soil or moist environments such as spas or air-conditioning units: | Legionella |
| Which of the following is used for surgical hand scrubs? | Chlorhexidine |
| This mutagen would make the base adenine pair with cytosine instead of thymine. | base pair type of mutagen |
| Which of the following is a limitation of the autoclave? | Use with heat-labile materials |
| Recombinant DNA technology: | allows genes from unrelated organisms to be combined. |
| X-Ray is an example of | Ionizing radiation |
| This mutation is usually a result of the deletion or addition of a base pair. | frameshift mutation |
| Which of the following is not a major target for action of antimicrobials? | flagella |
| The bactericidal effect of UV light is attributed to damage to: | DNA |
| Some antimicrobial treatments kill microbes; some inhibit growth. Which term refers to an agent that inhibits bacterial growth? | bacteriostatic |
| The original genetic information in a bacterial cell. | DNA |
| Which chemical was once used to treat the eyes of newborn babies to kill N. Gonorrhoeae? | Silver Nitrate |
| Ultraviolet light is an example of | non-iodizing radiation |
| Which of the following is not a chemical requirement of all bacteria? | molecular oxygen |
| Both staphylococci and streptococci: | are gram-positive cocci |
| Which is not a characteristic of the autoclave? | The requirement for long (hours) exposure times |
| The chemical 5-bromouracil is a mutagen because it: | is similar in structure but not in base-pairing ability to thymine |
| A dichotomous key: | asks a series of questions, with each question in the series having two possible answers. |
| Burkholderia is a frequent cause of nosocomial infections because: | it grows on some antiseptics |
| An antiseptic is used when one needs to remove microbes from: | skin, prior to an injection |
| In which phase is the population doubling time fastest? | Log phase. |
| Sterilization is the: | destruction of all forms of microbial life. |
| Iodophors differ from iodine (I2) in that iodophors: | all of the above |
| An organism that grows in the presence and absence of oxygen and uses oxygen when it is available is called a/an: | Facultative anaerobe |
| Which of the following is an endospore-forming bacterium? | Clostridium |
| The first disinfectant used by Lister was _____. | Phenol |
| What phase of the cell cycle is extended in a chemostat? | Log Phase |
| Which of the following is an example of a cloning vector? | Plasmid |
| In the filter paper method used for evaluation of antimicrobial chemicals, the effectiveness of a chemical is indicated by a ____ around a disc immersed with the test chemical. | clear zone |
| Which of the following does not achieve sterilization? | Pasteurization |
| Which of the following is true of cladograms? | all of the above |
| The process of making multiple copies of a DNA molecule is referred to as: | amplification |
| Which of the following is designed to suppress the growth of unwanted bacteria and encourage the growth of desired microbes? | Selective media |
| A gene library: | is a collection of DNA fragments from a genome. |
| Which one molecule could provide the carbon source, the energy source and the electron source for a chemoheterotroph? | Glucose |
| In genetic engineering, recombinant DNA can be introduced into a host cell by which of the following methods: | all of the above |
| A gene is best defined as: | A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product |
| Pasteurization was first used by Pasteur to control spoilage of: | wine |
| DNA is constructed of: | Two strands of complimentary nucleotides running antiparallel |
| Which of the following affects the elimination of bacteria from an object? | all of the above |
| Milk that you have never opened spoils in the refrigerator. A sample reveals the presence of microorganisms. The most likely explanation is: | the microbes that survived pasteurization were able to grow at 4 °C |
| During the lag phase: | cells are engaged in intense enzymatic activity |
| Which of the following is(are) associated with foodborne illness? | all of the above |
| A frameshift mutation in a gene encoding a protein usually: | results in the production of a nonfunctional peptide |
| Which of the following are potential purposes of genetic engineering? | all of the above |
| Bacterial death will result from damage to which of the following structures? | all of the above |
| Foods to be canned need not be sterile. However, all _________ of Clostridium botulinum must be killed | endospores |
| Which of the following is in the correct order? | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
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