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Nutrition
Chapter 21 definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aerobic | Process that requires oxygen |
| Anaerobic | Process occurring without oxygen |
| Basal metabolic rate | BMR; the amount of energy the body needs at rest |
| Calorie | The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celcius |
| Carbohydrates | The body's primary energy source |
| Complete protein | Foods that supply all the essential amino acids |
| Essential fatty acid | Fat that must be obtained through the diet |
| Essential nutrient | Nutrients essential in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body |
| Ghrelin | Hormone secreted by cells in the stomach that stimulates appetite |
| Glycolysis | The breakdown of carbohydrates for energy |
| Incomplete protein | Food that lacks 1 or more essential amino acids |
| Lipids | Fats that act as a reservoir of excess energy |
| Metabolism | Chemical processes occurring in cells that transform nutrients into energy or into materials the body can use or store |
| Mineral | An inorganic element or compound needed for numerous vital functions |
| Nonessential amino acids | Amino acids the body can synthesize, making them nonessential in the diet |
| Nutrients | Usable food components that supply the body with chemicals necessary for energy |
| Vitamins | Vital nutrients, obtained mostly through food and needed for metabolism |
| Satiety | The feeling of being satisfied after eating |
| Catabolism | Used in the metabolism of carbs and lipids; breaks down complex substances into simpler ones or into energy |
| Anabolism | Used in protein metabolism; forms complex substances out of simpler ones |
| Radiation | Involves the transfer of heat through the air by electromagnetic heat waves; such as standing in bright sunlight |
| Conduction | Involves the transfer of heat between 2 materials that touch each other; such as a spoon getting hot from being in a bowl of hot soup |
| Evaporation | Requires heat to change water into a gas; such as in sweating |