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Chapter 19
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Civil Liberties | The guarantees of the safety of persons, opinions, and property from the arbitrary acts of government, including freedom of speech and freedom of religion |
| Civil Rights | A term used for those positive acts of government that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people |
| Alien | foreign-born resident, or noncitizen |
| Process of Incorporation | The process of incorporating , or including, most of the guarantees in the Bill of Rights into the 14th amendment's Due Process Clause |
| Establishment Clause | Part of the 1st Amendment; Separates church and state |
| Free Exercise Clause | The second part of the constitutional guarantee of religious freedom, which guarantees to each person the right to believe whatever he or she chooses to believe in matters of religion |
| Libel | false and malicious use of printed words |
| Slander | false and malicious use of spoken words |
| Sedition | the crime of attempting to overthrow the government by force or to disrupt its lawful activities by violent acts |
| Seditious Speech | The advocating, or urging, of an attempt to overthrow the government by force, or to disrupt its lawful activities with violence. |
| Prior Restraint | the government cannot curb ideas before they are expressed |
| Symbolic Speech | Expression by conduct; communicating ideas through facial expressions, body language, or by carrying a sign or wearing an arm band |
| Assemble | To gather with one another in order to express views on public matters |
| Right of Association | the right to associate with others to promote political, economic, and other social causes |