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Ch11
Sense Organs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sensory organs | Provide us with information about our surroundings and our internal activity |
| Receptors | Detect stimuli and generate impulses |
| Sensory tracts | Functionally related bundles of fibers in the white matter of the spinal cord or brain |
| Sensory area | Interpret sensory input |
| Chemoreceptors | React to chemicals |
| Mechanoreceptors | Respond to pressure stretch or vibration, Physical movement |
| Thermoreceptors | Respond to temperature |
| Nociceptors | Detect tissue damage and give the sense of pain |
| Photoreceptors | Detect light |
| Projection | The perception of sensation in any given area |
| Intensity | Determined by the number of receptors stimulated and the amount of stimulation in each |
| Adaptation | Becoming less aware of continuing stimulation |
| Contrast | Effect of the previous or simultaneous sensation on a current sensation |
| Fast fibers | Sharp stabbing pain like when you have an injury |
| Slow fibers | Dull achy pain |
| Referred pain | Pain from a visceral organ felt in a cutaneous area |
| Pain | Detected by nociceptors |
| Temperature | Detected by free nerve endings located in the skin |
| Touch | Specialized nerve endings most of which are mechanoreceptors, Sense pressure and stretch |
| Taste | Results when chemicals come in contact with taste buds |
| Taste buds | Made of receptors called gustatory cells |
| Olfaction | Smell |
| Olfactory receptors | Detect vaporized chemicals in the upper nasal cavity |
| Outer ear | Includes the auricle and ear canal |
| Auricle | Funnels sound into ear canal |
| Ear canal | External acoustic meatus lined with ceruminous and sebaceous glands ends at the eardrum |
| Middle ear | Air filled cavities that contains the ossicles and is drained by the eustachian tubes |
| Eardrum | Vibrates with sound waves and transfers energy to ossicles |
| Auditory ossicles | Transfers and amplifies sound to the oval window of the inner ear |
| Eustachian tube | Equalizes pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane |
| Otitis media | Middle ear infection |
| Inner ear | Cavity known as the bony labyrinth in the temporal bone |
| Membranous labyrinth | Lines the inside of the bony Labyrinth |
| Perilymph | Fluid between bone and membranous labyrinth |
| Endolymph | Fluid within the membranous labyrinth |
| Cochlea | Snail shaped structure for hearing |
| Cochlear duct | Contains the organ of corti |
| Organ of corti | AKA Spiral organ |
| Tectorial membrane | Presses against the hair cells to trigger depolarization |
| Round window | Bulges out to relieve pressure when the oval window is depressed |
| Balance | AKA Equilibrium |
| Vestibular Apparatus | Includes the utricle and saccule |
| Semicircular canals | Responsible for dynamic equilibrium |
| Ampulla | Located at the base of each semicircular Canal |
| Eyelids | Protects lubricates and cleans the eye |
| Eyebrows | Enhances facial expressions aiding in nonverbal communication |
| Conjunctiva | Transparent mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and covers the anterior surface of the eyeball |
| Palpebral fissure | The opening between the lids |
| Lacrimal punctum | Tiny pores through which tears drain into the lacrimal canal and the nasolacrimal duct |
| Lacrimal gland | Produces tears |
| Nasolacrimal duct | Carries tears into the nasal cavity |
| Fibrous tunic | Contains the sclera and the cornea |
| Sclera | White part of The eye |
| Cornea | Transparent portion of the eye |
| Vascular tunic | Includes choroid layer ciliary body and the iris |
| Choroid layer | Absorbs light in the eye to prevent glare |
| Ciliary body | Changes the shape of the lens so we can focus |
| Iris | Colored part of the eye |
| Pupil | The opening in the iris |
| Dilation | Contraction of the radio fibers, let's more light in |
| Constriction | Contraction of the circular fibers, blocks Light when bright |
| Retina | The inner layer of the eye, contains visual receptors – rods and cones |
| Rods | Detect all wavelengths of visible light |
| Cones | Detect colors |
| Optic disc | Opening where the optic nerve exits The eye |
| Posterior cavity of the eye | Between the lens and retina |
| Anterior cavity | Between the lens and cornea |
| Physiology of vision | Light is focused on the retina, receptors generate impulses, visual areas of the brain interpret |
| Aqueous humor | Fills the anterior cavity |
| Reflection | Bending of light rays |
| Convergence | Lines up the visual axis of each eye towards the object so that the light rays fall on the corresponding spots on each retina |
| Visual acuity | The sharpness of visual perception |
| Intrinsic eye muscles | Muscles that constrict and dilate the pupil |
| Pupillary constrictor | Encircles the pupil, narrows the pupil to admit less light |
| Pupillary dilator | Widens the pupils to admit more light |
| Accommodation | When the curvature of the lens changes to allow the eye to focus on a near object |
| Photopupillary reflex | When pupils constrict automatically when exposed to bright light |
| Sensory pathways | Include the receptors, sensory neurons, sensory tracts, sensory area |
| Cerebral cortex | Sensory area is usually found in the |
| Chemoreceptors | React to odors, tastes, blood chemistry, etc. |
| Proprioceptors | The type of mechanoreceptors in muscles and joints |
| Sound | Mechanoreceptors can also detect _____ |
| Phantom pain | Perception of pain in an area that doesn't exist |
| Cerebral cortex | Projection is "actually" felt in the _____ |
| Neuron | Each receptor is attached to a _____ that goes to a specific part of the brain from a specific part of the body |
| Stimulation | Receptors generate fewer impulses with continued _____ |
| Fast fibers | Abundant in the skin and mucous membranes |
| Slow fibers | In deep body organs |
| Pressure | The sense of touch detects touch and _____ |
| Taste buds | Type of taste receptors |
| Taste cells | Taste buds are also called _____ |
| Chemoreceptors | Detect chemicals in food dissolved in saliva |
| Papillae | Bumps on the tongue |
| Vallate, foliate, filiform, fungiform | The four types of papillae |
| Outer ear, middle ear, inner ear | The three areas of the ear |
| Auricle | Elastic cartilage covered with skin |
| Tympanic membrane | Another name for the eardrum |
| Eardrum | Separates the middle ear from the outer ear |
| Malleus, incus, stapes | The three parts of the auditory ossicles |
| Mallet/hammer | Malleus resembles a _____ |
| Anvil | Incus resembles an _____ |
| Stirrup | Stapes resembles |
| Auditory tubes | Another name for eustachian tubes |
| Nasopharynx | Eustachian tubes extend from the middle ear to the_____ |
| Air | Eustachian tubes permit _____ to enter or leave |
| Elevation | Eustachian tubes can plug and cause pressure in ere when changing _____ |
| Three | The cochlea is partitioned into _____ fluid filled canals |
| Organ of corti | The hearing sense organ |
| Vestibule | Utricle and saccule are membranous sacs in the _____ |
| Semicircular canals | Three fluid filled membranous ovals oriented in different |
| Palpebrae | Another term for eyelids |
| Skeletal muscles | Eyelids are controlled by _____ |
| Dust | Eyelashes prevent |
| Spreads | Lacrimal ducts released tears and blinking _____ them |
| NaCl | Tears are 1% |
| Isozymes | Tears contain |
| Eyeball | Within the orbit formed by lacrimal, maxillary, zygomatic, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones |
| Six | ___ Extrinsic muscles move the eye |
| Outer layer, middle layer, ciliary body | The three layers of the eye |
| Outer layer of the eye | Includes the Scalera and the cornea |
| Middle layer of the eye | Includes choroid layer, ciliary body, and the iris |
| Ciliary body | Circular muscle that surrounds and is connected to the lens by suspensory ligaments |
| Anterior | The iris is _____ to the lens |
| Melanin | Iris gets its color from _____ |
| Blind spot | Area in which there are no visual receptors |
| Vitreous chamber | Another term for the posterior cavity of the eye |
Created by:
Darren24
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