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M6 13-005
Exam 8: Reproductive System; Benign Disorders of the Female Reproductive Tract
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Normal Breast: External Components | Skin, Areola, Nipple |
| Normal Breast: Internal Components | Mammary Glands, Lobes (15-20), Adipose tissue determines breasts size, Milk production is called lactation, Axillary & internal mammary lymph nodes |
| Breast Nodes: | 15-20 Lobules contain milk-producing cells Lactiferous ducts empty into the nipple |
| Breasts response | Respond to the hormonal cycle associated with ovulation, menstruation, and pregnancy. |
| Breast response: Hormones | Prolactin, Progesterone, Estrogen |
| Breast Assessment Triad | Breast Self Exam (BSE) Clinical Breast Exam (CBE) Mammography |
| Breast Self Exam (BSE) | A regular (monthly) systematic examination starting at the age of 20 Regularity is the Key! Usually 7 to 8 days after menses 90% of lumps are found by women during BSE |
| Regular Breast Examination: Rationale | The majority of lumps found are not cancerous. Cancerous breast lesions are treatable. |
| Techniques for teaching BSE | Inspection Palpation Timing of BSE |
| Types of Breast Changes to Report | Changes in skin texture. Retraction or indentation of nipple. Discharge from nipple. Atypical fullness and/or puckering Breast Dermatitis Mastitis Paget's Disease Inflammatory Breast Cancer |
| Timing of BSE's: Menstruating | Menstruating women- 3-8 days after end of mensus |
| Timing of BSE's: Post-menopausal Women | First day of the month or on any special day that is remembered |
| Mammograms | A low dose x-ray of the breast in combination with a physical exam. Detects tumors not detectable with palpation. Detects tumors as small as 0.5 cm, Annual screenings beginning at 40 years of age. |
| Established risk factors for breast cancer | Age over 50 Family history Defective gene BRCA 1 and BRCA Chronic alcohol use Ethnicity Nulliparity Age of first full term pregnancy |
| 50% of women diagnosed with breast cancer demonstrated none of the identified risk factors except for | age |
| Benign Growths | Fibrocystic Breast Condition Fibroadenoma Acute Mastitis Chronic Mastitis |
| Fibrocystic Breast Disease Or Benign Breast Disorders | Also called chronic cystic mastitis or mammary dysplasia Cause is unknown but related to response of breast tissue to cyclic hormone changes Most common benign breast lesion |
| Fibrocystic Breast Disease Or Benign Breast Disorders | Results from hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle |
| Fibrocystic Breast Disease Or Benign Breast Disorders: Symptoms | Premenstrual pain or breast tenderness Diffuse tender cysts Usually occur bilaterally Mobile lumps - if close to skin surface Deeper ones from carcinoma Surgical biopsy for definitive diagnosis |
| Fibrocystic Breast Disease Or Benign Breast Disorders: Characterisitcs | Most common benign breast lesion Affects premenopausal women usually ages 30 – 50 Aspiration biopsy may be required for definitive diagnosis |
| Fibrocystic Breast Disease Or Benign Breast Disorders: Interventions | Padded bra/good supportive bra Analgesics / diuretics Dietary measures Danocrine/Danazol Hormonal contraceptives |
| Fibroadenoma | Solid benign mass of connective tissue & glandular tissue Usually occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood Cause unknown but related to hormonal changes |
| Fibroadenoma: Characteristics | grows during pregnancy shrinks after menopause grows slowly: -usually single nodule -not related to menstrual cycle -not considered pre-cancerous |
| Fibroadenoma: Assessment Finding | Painless, non-tender lump Encapsulated, mobile firm If large, breast size asymetric |
| Fibroadenoma: Diagnosis and Treatment | US more accurate than mammogram Excisional biopsy as needed |
| Fibroadenoma: Nursing Management | Teach how to perform BSE's Wound care if excision is necessary Follow-up care |
| Acute Mastitis | Bacterial infection usually caused by S. aureus or streptococci Occurs mostly during lactation Caused by poor hygiene or infant infection Tender/inflammed breasts obstructing milk flow Use of warm packs, well fitting bra, ABX helpful |
| Chronic Mastitis | Women between ages of 30-50 Common in obese women Multiparous Have had difficulty nursing Inverted or cracked nipples Traumatic injury to breasts Increased fibrosis of tissue |
Created by:
jtzuetrong
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