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Muscles chap Nine
Musuclar System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The muscular system includes the ___________ muscles and ______________ structures | skeletal, accessory |
| ________ muscle or ______ muscle are not included in the muscular system | cardiac, smooth |
| Each muscle is made of hundreds/thousands/millions of cells | thousands |
| Fibers of the muscle cell are called ________ | myofibrils |
| Myofibrils are bound together within the cell membrane and __________ ______ | endomysium layer |
| Another name for the cell membrand of a muscle cell is __________________ | sarcikenna |
| Another name for the cytoplasm of a cell is ___________________ | sarcoplasm |
| Tendons are made of dense _________ ________ tissue | fiberous connective |
| An anchor for muscle to bone and other muscle is__________ | tendons |
| Tendons merge with the ______________ to anchor to bone | periosteum |
| ____________ is filled with myofibrils | Sarcoplasm |
| Sarcomeres are bundled into groups called | myofilaments |
| Myofilaments are made of _______ and _________ | actin and myosin |
| Another name for z-line _______ | z-disc |
| Three proteins of the sacroplasm are | actin, myosin, titin |
| ______ and __________ are proteins that prevent contraction when muscle is relaxed | Troponin, tropomyosin |
| The axon terminal contains sacs of _____ or ___________ | ACh, acetylcholine |
| The synaptic knob can also be referred to as _________ or_______ | motor end plate or axon terminal |
| _______ is the junction between the axon terminal and muscle fiber | synaptic cleft |
| The synapse releases ______ | ACh |
| The cell membrane of muscle fiber is called | Sarcolemma |
| What deactivates ACh | Cholinesterase |
| ACh causes ______ impulses in the sarcolemma | electrical |
| These attach to receptors in the sarcolemma | ACh |
| _______ _______ travel through the sarcolemma | electrical signals |
| ACh being released across the synaple is called_________ | exocytosis |
| Neurdomuscular junctions are motor nerves ending at each | muscle fiber |
| Actin is a thick/thin contractile that interacts with myosin | thin |
| _______ forms a cross bridge with myosin which shortens the sarcomere | actin |
| Which part ot the neuromuscular junctions calcium ions | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| Tubes allowing signals to travel into the cell are_________ | T- tubules |
| During contraction of a neuromuscular junction _____ ia released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum | CA+ |
| Neuromuscular junction contraction causes _____ filaments to pull against _______ filaments | actin, myosin |
| What is a sliding filament mechanism? | When a actin filament pulls against myosin filaments |
| Parts of a muscle include: | origin, belly, insertion |
| Insertion of a muscle moves_______ the origin and ________ the muscle | toward, shorten |
| Some muscles have more than one ______ we call heads | belly |
| Bicepts brachii, triceps brachii and biceps femoris have more than one belly/head | both are correct |
| _______ _______ is the movement a muscle makes when it contracts | Muscle function |
| A _________ is a secondary muscle that asssists the prime mover | synergyst |
| Protagonists are ________ muscles | primary |
| __________ is teh muscle that does the oppsite of the prime mover | Antagonist |
| Heat production from normal muscle metabolism is called | Thermogenesis |
| Thermogenesis ______ with ________ activity | increases, increased |
| Frontalis | suprise |
| Orbicularis oculi | squint |
| Masseter | aids closes jaw |
| Tempordalis | closes jaw |
| Orbucularis oris | pucker |
| Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) | rotates the head to opposite side when only one muscle contracts (praying muscle) |
| Rectus abdominis | 6pk, flex spine, extends from sternum to pubic bone |
| External oblique | compresses abdominal organs aiding in vomiting and defecation |
| Internal oblique | stabilizes spine, permits rotation of waist |
| Transversus abdominis | compresses the contents of the abdomen |
| Linea alba (white line) | not a muscle,a band of tough connective tissue meeting at the midline of the abdomen |
| Deltoid | shoulder, abducts, rotates the arm also raises the arm |
| Pectoralis major | chest, flexes and adducts the upper arm |
| Serratus anterior | Drives all forward reaching and pushing movements, pulls the shoulder down and forward |
| Latissmius dorsi | adducts the humerus, used to pull the body up |
| Trapezius | raises and lowers the shoulder blade, stabilizes the scapula |
| Brachialis | flexes the forearm, prime mover (protagonist) |
| Biceps brachii | flexes the elbow and supinates forearm (twisting) |
| Triceps brachii | prime mover when extending the forearm |
| Brachioradialis | helps brachialis and biceps brachii flex the forearm |
| Hand/digit extensors | in the posterior of forearm, extends the wrist |
| Hand/digit flexors | located on the anterior of the forearm |
| Sartorius | allows sitting cross-legged |
| Adductor magnus | Rotate and draw the thigh inward |
| Adductor brevis | rotate and move the thigh toward the body |
| Adductor longus | Moves thigh toward the body |
| Gracilis | Helps rotate and pull the thigh toward the body |
| Quadriceps femoris | the most powerful muscle in the body, consists of four muscles |
| Rectus femoris | Quad muscle helps move the knee |
| Vastus lateralis | Quad muscle, helps extend the knee |
| Vastus medialis | Quad muscle, helps with movement and extending the knee |
| Vastus intermedius | Quad muscle, below the rectus, helps with movement of the knee |
| Glute Muscles consist of | Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus |
| Hamstring muscles consist of | Biceps femoris, Semintendinosus, Seminembranosus |
| Muscles of the calf are | Gastrocenemeus, Soleus, Plantaris, |
| 25% of population does not have this particular muscle | Plantaris. |
| Extensors of the foot and toe are | tibalis anterior |
Created by:
sunshine63
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