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A&P final Corbitt
corbitt A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| myopia | nearsightedness |
| hyperopia | far sightedness |
| presbyopia | old sightedness |
| astigmatism | irregular curvature of the lens or cornea |
| strabismus | crossed eyes |
| amblyopia | lazy eye |
| hemianopia | half vision |
| cataract | opacity of the lens |
| night blindness | inability to see in dim light (vitamin A deficiency |
| glaucoma | increase of intraocular pressure |
| lens of the eye | changes shape to allow for focus on objects at varying distancs. |
| pupil of the eye | rounded opening in the iris |
| iris | colored part of the eye |
| Rods responds to | light |
| cones respond to | color |
| fovea= where is it located | a pint of greatest visual acuity; located on the macula (on the retina) |
| nucleus | control center of the cell; contains genes |
| Mitosis | cell division |
| Mitochondria | supply most of the ATP = powerhouse |
| cell membrane | surround each cell; fragile; selectively permeable, contains phospholipids & cholesterol |
| golgi apparatus | secretes mucus |
| lysosomes | contain digestive enzymes |
| organization of the body | atoms-molecules-cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organism (body) |
| endoplasmia reticulum | cell membrane factory |
| antebrachial | forearm |
| antecubital | bend of the elbow |
| axillary | armpit |
| brachial | arm |
| buccal | cheek |
| cervical | neck |
| crual | leg |
| deltoid | shoulder |
| frontal | forehead |
| inguinal | groin |
| orbital | eye |
| patella | knee cap |
| thoracic | chest |
| genu | knee |
| cephalic | head |
| occipital | base of skull |
| olecranon | elebow |
| popliteal | behind the knee |
| sural | calf of leg |
| planter | sole of the foot |
| gastric | stomach |
| hepatic | liver |
| volar | palm of the hand |
| caudaul | toward the tail |
| list the 3 layers of the meninges and their locations | dura-mater (outer), arachnoid-mater (middle), pia mater (inner) |
| how many pair of cranial nerves are there | 12 |
| how many pairs of spinal nerves are there | 31 |
| how many pairs of cervical spinal nerves | 8 |
| how many pairs of thoracic nerves are there | 12 |
| how many pairs of lumbar nerves | 5 |
| how many pairs of sacurum nerves | 5 |
| zygomticus | smiling muscle |
| frontalis | wrinkles your forehead |
| orbicularis oculi | muscle around the eye |
| buccinator | chewing muscle, largest mucsle used in facial expression |
| orbicularis oris | kissing muscle |
| masseter | closes the jaw by elevating the mandible |
| platysma | pulls the corner of the mouth down |
| sternocleidomastoid | decreases the angle of the neck |
| pectoralis major | across the upper chest |
| intercostal muscles | helps breathing |
| Iliopsoas | keep upper body from falling backwards when standing erect |
| triceps | boxer's muscle |
| benign tumor | excessive growth of cells; may be small/large, remains localized, not cancerous |
| malignant tumor | invasive, can metastasize, distorted in size, shape and color, cancerous |
| list the parts of the large intestine | cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal, anus |
| how many pairs of ribs | 12 |
| how many erythrocytes | 4.5-6 million mm |
| how many leukocytes | 4,000 - 11,000 mm |
| how many platelets | 150,000-400,000 mm |
| Hgb | Hemoglobin |
| Hct | Hematocrit |
| what is the normanl range of Hgb for women and men | women 12-16 g/dL men 13-18 g/dL |
| mastication | chewing |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| chemical digestion | breaks food into smaller molecules |
| mechanical digestion | breaks food into smaller pieces |
| Rugae | folds in the stomach or bladder when its empty |
| another name for jaundice | icterus |
| hepatitis A id transmitted | oral-fecal |
| Hepatitis B, C | blood borne |
| The hardest substance in the body is | enamel |
| where are Peyer's patches | small intestines |
| The CNS first appears as the | neural tube |
| Neuroglia | nerve glue |
| axons | carry impulses away from the cell bodies |
| dendrites | carry impulses toward the cell bodies |
| the Brocc'a area controls | speech |
| The 3 areas of the brain stem are | mid-brain, pons and medulla oblongata |
| functions of the hypothalamus | regulate body rhythm (circadian rhythm) day/night cycle, regulates body temp., regulate food intake |
| the spinal cord begins at _____ and ends between _______ | medulla oblongata, L1-L2 |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
| TIA | transit ischemic attack |
| There are _____ pairs of spinal nerves | 31 |
| There are ____ pair of cervical nerves | 8 |
| There are ____ pair of thoracic nerves | 12 |
| there are ____ pair of lumbar nerves | 5 |
| there are ____ pair of sacurum nerves | 5 |
| there is ____ cocgeal nerve | 1 |
| another name for the pituitary gland is | master gland, hypophysis |
| Gigantism | excessive growth hormone in childerm |
| Acromegaly | excessive growth hormone in childern |
| thyroid | located at the base of the throat |
| what 2 major hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland | T3 & T4 |
| parathyroid glands are located | on the back of the thyroid glands |
| function of parathyroid glands in regulating | calcium |
| where are the adrenal glands located | on top of the kidneys |
| the adrenal cortex produces 3 major groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids. They are known as 'long term stressors' | aldosterone - conserves sodium cortisone & cortisol - Cortisol has an antiimmflammotory affect sex hormones |
| whats the normal range of blood sugar | 70-110 mg/dL |
| List and define the 3 P's of diabetes | Polyuria - excessive voiding polydipsia - excessive thirst polyphagia - excessive hunger |
| tinnitus | ringing of the ears |
| presbycusis | old hearing |
| list the three ossicles and their location | malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirup) - located in the middle ear |
| Within the cochlea is | the Organ of Corti, known as the organ of hearing |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| Kyphosis | hunch back |
| lordosis | swayback |
| collar bone | clavicle |
| shoulder blade | scapula |
| Olecranon | elbow |
| radius | lower armbone on thumb side |
| carpel bones | wrist |
| phalanges | fingers & toes |
| femur | thigh bone; longest, strongest, heaviest bone in the body |
| tibia | lower leg; shin (larger bone in the lower leg |
| fibula | lower leg, smaller bone |
| metatarsals | sole of foot |
| talus | ankle |
| metacarpals | bones within the palm of the hand |
| humerus | upperarm |
| acetabulum | accepts the head of the femur |
| glenoid fossa | |
| another name for joint is | articulation |
| ligament | attaches bone to bone |
| tendon | attaches muscle to bone |
| Synarthrosis | suture (immoveable joint) skull |
| Amphiarthrosis | sightly moveable joint (symphysis) vertbrae |
| Diarthrosis (synovial joint) | freely moveable joint; knee |
| diaphysis | long shaft of the bone |
| epiphysis | rounded irregular end of the long bone |
| periosteum | tissue covering the bone |
| epiphyseal plate | allows the bone to grow length wise; goes away when a person reaches their height |
| osteoblast | bone building cells |
| osteoclast | destroys bone cells 'eats' |
| list the 3 parts of the sternum | manubrium, body, xiphiod process |
| list the layers of the skin | epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous |
| list functions of the skin | protection, waterproofs, synthesis & storage of nutrients, sensory reception, excretion and secretion |
| melanin | pigment of skin |
| keratin | tough protein |
| optic disk | blind spot |
| Sudoriferous glands | sweat glands |
| Sebaceous glands | oil glands |
| tissues | group of cells with similar function |
| artery | carries blood away from the heart |
| vein | carries blood to the heart |
| capillary | site of gas exchange in the cardiovascular system |
| Alveoli | site of gas exchange in the respiratory system |
| surfactant | detergent like substance that allows the lungs to expand |
| Anatomy | studies the structure of the body |
| physiology | studies the function of the body |
| aorta | largest artery in the body |
| comminuted fracture | splintered |
| pathological fracture | no trauma caused fracture |
| endocardium | inner lining of the heart |
| myometrium | muscle layer of the uterus |
| gastrocnemius | calf of the leg |
| vastus lateralis | site of injection for children under 3 |
| triceps brachii | boxer's muscle |
| orbicularis oculi | muscle around the eye |
| diaphragm | main muscle for breathing; dividing point of the ventricle cavity |
| Pulmonary circulation begins | at the right ventricle and ends at the left atrium |
| respiratory circulation begins at the | left ventricle and ends at the right atrium |
| list the parts of the small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| The hearts natural pace maker is | SA Node |
| DNA = RNA= | blueprint, messenger & decoder |
| where is the gastrocnemius located | calf of the leg |
| phalanges | fingers & toes |
| The liver secretes | bile |
| the gallbladder stores | bile |
| What equalizes the pressure in the ear | Eustachian tube |
| what is the organ of hearing | Organ of Corti |
| Describe the frontal, sagittal, mid-sagittal, transverse planes | frontal-divides body anterior/posterior sagittal- divides body side to side mid-sagittal- divides equally side to side transverse - divides body top to bottom |
| Sebaceous glands are | oil glands |
| sudoriferous glands are | sweat glands |
| what keeps the hair and nails soft and pliable | sebaceous glands |
| the control center of the cell | nuclous |
| in the cell what secretes mucus | golgi apparatus |
| metastasis | to spread |
| what is the longest vein in the body | saphenous |
| list the formed elements | erythrocytes, leukocyctes, platelets (also known as thrombocytes |
| what is the white of the eye | sclera |
| the shape of the lens is changed by what muscle | ciliary muscle |
| the inner layer of the eye is | the retina |
| homeostasis = | balance |
| what is deficient w/ diabetes insipidus | ADH |
| what is deficient w/ a goiter | iodine |
| what is deficient w/ Ricketts | vitamin D |
| This type of gland is important in heat regulation for our body | eccrine |
| what happens to the arterioles in a cold environment | contract |
| which cerebral lobe initiates muscle contraction | frontal |
| the direct energy source for muscle contraction is | ATP |
| Reticulocytes mature in | 2-5 days |
| where is the radial pulse found | on wrist, thumb size |
| What the folds over the vocal cords | glottis |
| eupnea | normal breathing |
| aldosterone conserves | sodium |
| what is the range of PH for urine | 4.5 -8.0 |
| what is the range of PH for blood | 7.35-7.45 |
| list 4 stages of labor | dilation-1st true contraction to 10 cm explusion - when cervix is 10cm to delivery placental - from delvery of baby to delivery of placenta Recovery - first 2-4 hrs after baby is born |
| what is the main function of the small intestine | absorption |
| what is the purpose of microvilli | increase the surface area to allow for more absorption |
| which type of membranes lines the organs which are closed to the outside | serous membranes |
| whats the normal range of Hgb for males and females | M-13-18 F 12-16 |
| list 4 things related to the pineal gland | located in the brain, responds to light, hormone melatonin, affects circadian rhythm |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| CNS | central nervous system - consist of brain and spinal cord |
| PNS | peripheral nervous system - consist of cranial nerves and spinal nerves |
| Htn | Hypertension |
| Htg | hemoglobin |
| H&H | hemoglobin & hematocrit |
| overlapping functions of the nervous system | sensory, integration, motor output |
| lines body cavities that are open to the outside | mucous membranes |
| functions of the integumentary system (skin) | protection, temperature maintenance, synthesis and storage of nutrients, sensory reception, excretion & secretion |
| cutaneous membrane | skin |
| another name for dermis | corium |
| eccrine glands are located and produce | all over the body; produce sweat |
| apocrine glands are located and when do they activate | genital & axillary areas, nipples; during stress or pain |
| flexion | deceases the angle of the joint |
| extension | increase angle of the joint |
| abduction | movement away from the midline |
| dorisiflexion | standing on heels |
| planter flexion | standing on toes |
| supination | palm up |
| pronation | palm down |
| hamstring muscle group | 3 behind your knee |
| zygomaticus muscle | smiling muscle |
| frontalis muscle | wink, squink, blink |
| gustation | sense of taste |
| olfaction | sense of small |
| conduction pathway of the heart | SA Node, AV node, Bundle of His, Bundle Branches, Purkinje fibers |
| tachycardia | heartbeat greater than 100 bpm |
| bradycardia | heartbeat lower than 60 bpm |
| systole | heart contracting |
| diastole | heart relaxing |
| cardiac cycle | o.8 sec |
| receiving chambers of the heart | right and left atrium |
| discharging chambers of the heart | right and left ventricles |
| blood enters the heart thru | inferior/superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid (mitral) valves, left ventricle, aorta, body |
Created by:
jhowe2323
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