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A&P final Corbitt
corbitt A&P
Question | Answer |
---|---|
myopia | nearsightedness |
hyperopia | far sightedness |
presbyopia | old sightedness |
astigmatism | irregular curvature of the lens or cornea |
strabismus | crossed eyes |
amblyopia | lazy eye |
hemianopia | half vision |
cataract | opacity of the lens |
night blindness | inability to see in dim light (vitamin A deficiency |
glaucoma | increase of intraocular pressure |
lens of the eye | changes shape to allow for focus on objects at varying distancs. |
pupil of the eye | rounded opening in the iris |
iris | colored part of the eye |
Rods responds to | light |
cones respond to | color |
fovea= where is it located | a pint of greatest visual acuity; located on the macula (on the retina) |
nucleus | control center of the cell; contains genes |
Mitosis | cell division |
Mitochondria | supply most of the ATP = powerhouse |
cell membrane | surround each cell; fragile; selectively permeable, contains phospholipids & cholesterol |
golgi apparatus | secretes mucus |
lysosomes | contain digestive enzymes |
organization of the body | atoms-molecules-cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organism (body) |
endoplasmia reticulum | cell membrane factory |
antebrachial | forearm |
antecubital | bend of the elbow |
axillary | armpit |
brachial | arm |
buccal | cheek |
cervical | neck |
crual | leg |
deltoid | shoulder |
frontal | forehead |
inguinal | groin |
orbital | eye |
patella | knee cap |
thoracic | chest |
genu | knee |
cephalic | head |
occipital | base of skull |
olecranon | elebow |
popliteal | behind the knee |
sural | calf of leg |
planter | sole of the foot |
gastric | stomach |
hepatic | liver |
volar | palm of the hand |
caudaul | toward the tail |
list the 3 layers of the meninges and their locations | dura-mater (outer), arachnoid-mater (middle), pia mater (inner) |
how many pair of cranial nerves are there | 12 |
how many pairs of spinal nerves are there | 31 |
how many pairs of cervical spinal nerves | 8 |
how many pairs of thoracic nerves are there | 12 |
how many pairs of lumbar nerves | 5 |
how many pairs of sacurum nerves | 5 |
zygomticus | smiling muscle |
frontalis | wrinkles your forehead |
orbicularis oculi | muscle around the eye |
buccinator | chewing muscle, largest mucsle used in facial expression |
orbicularis oris | kissing muscle |
masseter | closes the jaw by elevating the mandible |
platysma | pulls the corner of the mouth down |
sternocleidomastoid | decreases the angle of the neck |
pectoralis major | across the upper chest |
intercostal muscles | helps breathing |
Iliopsoas | keep upper body from falling backwards when standing erect |
triceps | boxer's muscle |
benign tumor | excessive growth of cells; may be small/large, remains localized, not cancerous |
malignant tumor | invasive, can metastasize, distorted in size, shape and color, cancerous |
list the parts of the large intestine | cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal, anus |
how many pairs of ribs | 12 |
how many erythrocytes | 4.5-6 million mm |
how many leukocytes | 4,000 - 11,000 mm |
how many platelets | 150,000-400,000 mm |
Hgb | Hemoglobin |
Hct | Hematocrit |
what is the normanl range of Hgb for women and men | women 12-16 g/dL men 13-18 g/dL |
mastication | chewing |
deglutition | swallowing |
chemical digestion | breaks food into smaller molecules |
mechanical digestion | breaks food into smaller pieces |
Rugae | folds in the stomach or bladder when its empty |
another name for jaundice | icterus |
hepatitis A id transmitted | oral-fecal |
Hepatitis B, C | blood borne |
The hardest substance in the body is | enamel |
where are Peyer's patches | small intestines |
The CNS first appears as the | neural tube |
Neuroglia | nerve glue |
axons | carry impulses away from the cell bodies |
dendrites | carry impulses toward the cell bodies |
the Brocc'a area controls | speech |
The 3 areas of the brain stem are | mid-brain, pons and medulla oblongata |
functions of the hypothalamus | regulate body rhythm (circadian rhythm) day/night cycle, regulates body temp., regulate food intake |
the spinal cord begins at _____ and ends between _______ | medulla oblongata, L1-L2 |
CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
TIA | transit ischemic attack |
There are _____ pairs of spinal nerves | 31 |
There are ____ pair of cervical nerves | 8 |
There are ____ pair of thoracic nerves | 12 |
there are ____ pair of lumbar nerves | 5 |
there are ____ pair of sacurum nerves | 5 |
there is ____ cocgeal nerve | 1 |
another name for the pituitary gland is | master gland, hypophysis |
Gigantism | excessive growth hormone in childerm |
Acromegaly | excessive growth hormone in childern |
thyroid | located at the base of the throat |
what 2 major hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland | T3 & T4 |
parathyroid glands are located | on the back of the thyroid glands |
function of parathyroid glands in regulating | calcium |
where are the adrenal glands located | on top of the kidneys |
the adrenal cortex produces 3 major groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids. They are known as 'long term stressors' | aldosterone - conserves sodium cortisone & cortisol - Cortisol has an antiimmflammotory affect sex hormones |
whats the normal range of blood sugar | 70-110 mg/dL |
List and define the 3 P's of diabetes | Polyuria - excessive voiding polydipsia - excessive thirst polyphagia - excessive hunger |
tinnitus | ringing of the ears |
presbycusis | old hearing |
list the three ossicles and their location | malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirup) - located in the middle ear |
Within the cochlea is | the Organ of Corti, known as the organ of hearing |
scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
Kyphosis | hunch back |
lordosis | swayback |
collar bone | clavicle |
shoulder blade | scapula |
Olecranon | elbow |
radius | lower armbone on thumb side |
carpel bones | wrist |
phalanges | fingers & toes |
femur | thigh bone; longest, strongest, heaviest bone in the body |
tibia | lower leg; shin (larger bone in the lower leg |
fibula | lower leg, smaller bone |
metatarsals | sole of foot |
talus | ankle |
metacarpals | bones within the palm of the hand |
humerus | upperarm |
acetabulum | accepts the head of the femur |
glenoid fossa | |
another name for joint is | articulation |
ligament | attaches bone to bone |
tendon | attaches muscle to bone |
Synarthrosis | suture (immoveable joint) skull |
Amphiarthrosis | sightly moveable joint (symphysis) vertbrae |
Diarthrosis (synovial joint) | freely moveable joint; knee |
diaphysis | long shaft of the bone |
epiphysis | rounded irregular end of the long bone |
periosteum | tissue covering the bone |
epiphyseal plate | allows the bone to grow length wise; goes away when a person reaches their height |
osteoblast | bone building cells |
osteoclast | destroys bone cells 'eats' |
list the 3 parts of the sternum | manubrium, body, xiphiod process |
list the layers of the skin | epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous |
list functions of the skin | protection, waterproofs, synthesis & storage of nutrients, sensory reception, excretion and secretion |
melanin | pigment of skin |
keratin | tough protein |
optic disk | blind spot |
Sudoriferous glands | sweat glands |
Sebaceous glands | oil glands |
tissues | group of cells with similar function |
artery | carries blood away from the heart |
vein | carries blood to the heart |
capillary | site of gas exchange in the cardiovascular system |
Alveoli | site of gas exchange in the respiratory system |
surfactant | detergent like substance that allows the lungs to expand |
Anatomy | studies the structure of the body |
physiology | studies the function of the body |
aorta | largest artery in the body |
comminuted fracture | splintered |
pathological fracture | no trauma caused fracture |
endocardium | inner lining of the heart |
myometrium | muscle layer of the uterus |
gastrocnemius | calf of the leg |
vastus lateralis | site of injection for children under 3 |
triceps brachii | boxer's muscle |
orbicularis oculi | muscle around the eye |
diaphragm | main muscle for breathing; dividing point of the ventricle cavity |
Pulmonary circulation begins | at the right ventricle and ends at the left atrium |
respiratory circulation begins at the | left ventricle and ends at the right atrium |
list the parts of the small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
The hearts natural pace maker is | SA Node |
DNA = RNA= | blueprint, messenger & decoder |
where is the gastrocnemius located | calf of the leg |
phalanges | fingers & toes |
The liver secretes | bile |
the gallbladder stores | bile |
What equalizes the pressure in the ear | Eustachian tube |
what is the organ of hearing | Organ of Corti |
Describe the frontal, sagittal, mid-sagittal, transverse planes | frontal-divides body anterior/posterior sagittal- divides body side to side mid-sagittal- divides equally side to side transverse - divides body top to bottom |
Sebaceous glands are | oil glands |
sudoriferous glands are | sweat glands |
what keeps the hair and nails soft and pliable | sebaceous glands |
the control center of the cell | nuclous |
in the cell what secretes mucus | golgi apparatus |
metastasis | to spread |
what is the longest vein in the body | saphenous |
list the formed elements | erythrocytes, leukocyctes, platelets (also known as thrombocytes |
what is the white of the eye | sclera |
the shape of the lens is changed by what muscle | ciliary muscle |
the inner layer of the eye is | the retina |
homeostasis = | balance |
what is deficient w/ diabetes insipidus | ADH |
what is deficient w/ a goiter | iodine |
what is deficient w/ Ricketts | vitamin D |
This type of gland is important in heat regulation for our body | eccrine |
what happens to the arterioles in a cold environment | contract |
which cerebral lobe initiates muscle contraction | frontal |
the direct energy source for muscle contraction is | ATP |
Reticulocytes mature in | 2-5 days |
where is the radial pulse found | on wrist, thumb size |
What the folds over the vocal cords | glottis |
eupnea | normal breathing |
aldosterone conserves | sodium |
what is the range of PH for urine | 4.5 -8.0 |
what is the range of PH for blood | 7.35-7.45 |
list 4 stages of labor | dilation-1st true contraction to 10 cm explusion - when cervix is 10cm to delivery placental - from delvery of baby to delivery of placenta Recovery - first 2-4 hrs after baby is born |
what is the main function of the small intestine | absorption |
what is the purpose of microvilli | increase the surface area to allow for more absorption |
which type of membranes lines the organs which are closed to the outside | serous membranes |
whats the normal range of Hgb for males and females | M-13-18 F 12-16 |
list 4 things related to the pineal gland | located in the brain, responds to light, hormone melatonin, affects circadian rhythm |
CHF | congestive heart failure |
CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
CNS | central nervous system - consist of brain and spinal cord |
PNS | peripheral nervous system - consist of cranial nerves and spinal nerves |
Htn | Hypertension |
Htg | hemoglobin |
H&H | hemoglobin & hematocrit |
overlapping functions of the nervous system | sensory, integration, motor output |
lines body cavities that are open to the outside | mucous membranes |
functions of the integumentary system (skin) | protection, temperature maintenance, synthesis and storage of nutrients, sensory reception, excretion & secretion |
cutaneous membrane | skin |
another name for dermis | corium |
eccrine glands are located and produce | all over the body; produce sweat |
apocrine glands are located and when do they activate | genital & axillary areas, nipples; during stress or pain |
flexion | deceases the angle of the joint |
extension | increase angle of the joint |
abduction | movement away from the midline |
dorisiflexion | standing on heels |
planter flexion | standing on toes |
supination | palm up |
pronation | palm down |
hamstring muscle group | 3 behind your knee |
zygomaticus muscle | smiling muscle |
frontalis muscle | wink, squink, blink |
gustation | sense of taste |
olfaction | sense of small |
conduction pathway of the heart | SA Node, AV node, Bundle of His, Bundle Branches, Purkinje fibers |
tachycardia | heartbeat greater than 100 bpm |
bradycardia | heartbeat lower than 60 bpm |
systole | heart contracting |
diastole | heart relaxing |
cardiac cycle | o.8 sec |
receiving chambers of the heart | right and left atrium |
discharging chambers of the heart | right and left ventricles |
blood enters the heart thru | inferior/superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid (mitral) valves, left ventricle, aorta, body |