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Civil War Vocabulary
Civil War and Reconstruction Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sectionalism | People favoring the interests of a section rather than the whole country. |
| Popular Sovereignty | Allowing the voters in a territory decide if they want slavery. |
| Compromise of 1850 | Compromise that brings California into the Union as a free state. |
| Daniel Webster | Massachusetts senator whose greatest concern was to keep the Union together. |
| Fugitive Slave Law | Law passed as part of the Compromise of 1850 that made it a federal crime to help runaway slaves. |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | Book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe that changed American perception of slavery. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Plan that split the Louisiana Purchase into two territories. Popular sovereignty would decide the question of slavery. |
| Bleeding Kansas | Nickname given to Kansas due to violence as a result of "popular sovereignty." |
| Republican | New political party that formed in 1854 in opposition to slavery. |
| Dred Scott | A slave that sued for his freedom because he had lived in free territory. |
| Stephen Douglas | Illinois senator who debates Lincoln on "popular sovereignty." |
| John Brown | An abolitionist who led a slave revolt at Harper's Ferry, Virginia. |
| Abraham Lincoln | He won the Election of 1860 without being on the ballot in the southern states. |
| Secession | The southern states officially leave the Union. |
| Jefferson Davis | The first and only president of the Confederate States of America. |
| Fort Sumter | The opening battle of the Civil War begins here in April, 1861. |
| Cotton Diplomacy | Confederate hope to trade cotton with Europe for supplies needed to fight the war. |
| 1st Bull Run | First major battle of the Civil War. It was won by the Confederacy. |
| G. McClellan | Union general early in the war known for his hesitancy to fight. |
| Robert E. Lee | Virginian who resigns from the U.S Army to lead the Confederacy. |
| Antietam | Battle in Maryland known as the "single bloodiest day" in American History. |
| Ironclad | Name given to wooden ships with a sheet of metal armor. |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Lincoln said of him, "I can't spare this man. He fights." |
| Shiloh | Brutally vicious battle fought in April, 1862, on the banks of the Tennessee River. |
| Reconstruction | The process of rebuilding the nation and bringing the southern states back into the Union. |
| Ten Percent Plan | Name of Lincoln's plan to reconstruct the Union. |
| Thirteenth | Amendment that banned slavery. |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Government organization designed to assist former slaves with food and work. |
| John Wilkes Booth | He assassinates Lincoln at Ford's theater. |
| Andrew Johnson | He becomes our 17th president after Lincoln. |
| Black Codes | Laws passed by southern states that limited the freedom of freedmen. |
| Radical Republicans | Congressmen who wanted to punish the South during reconstruction. |
| Carpetbaggers | Northerner who moved south during reconstruction for profit. |
| Democratic | Political party Jefferson Davis would most likely have joined during Reconstruction. |
| Ku Klux Klan | Secret society of white southerners who used violence to intimidate Freedom. |
| Scalawag | Nickname given to white southern Republicans. |
| Poll Tax | Forced freedmen to pay a fee before voting. |
| Jim Crow | Laws passed in southern states to separate races. |
| Compromise of 1877 | Democrats agree to accept election of Rutherford B. Hayes if Reconstruction ended. |
| Segregation | Government practice of keeping whites and African Americans separate. |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | 1896 Supreme Court decision that upholds the practice of segregation. |
| Thaddeus Stevens | was the most vocal of the Radical Republicans. |
| Vicksburg | was the Union victory that gave the Union control of the Mississippi River. |
| Copperheads | Northern democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the war. |
| Anaconda Plan | General Winfield Scott's war strategy to defeat the Confederacy. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Lincoln declares the slaves free in the rebellious Confederacy states on January 1st, 1863. |
| Gettysburg Address | Speech given by Lincoln to honor the dead in a Pennsylvania battlefield. |
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KayleighHolt
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