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test 3 poli sci
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| judicial review | The power of the Supreme Court to interpret and overturn actions taken by the legislative and executive branches of government |
| original jurisdiction | the right of a court to be the first to hear a case rather than simply review the decision of a lower court. |
| appellate jurisdiction | the authority of a given court to review cases that have already been tried in lower courts and are appealed to it by the losing party. The "re-trying" of a case. |
| majority opinion | a court opinion that results when a majority of the justices are in agreement on the legal basis of the decision. |
| plurality opinion | a court opinion that results when a majority of the justices agree on a decision in a case but do not agree on the legal basis for that decision. |
| concurring opinion | a separate opinion written by one or more Supreme Court justices who vote with the majority in the decision on a case but who disagree with their reasoning. |
| dissenting opinion | the opinion of a justice in a Supreme Court case that explains his or her reasons for disagreeing with the majority's decision. |
| functions of the president | Head of state, chief executive, commander in chief, chief diplomat, chief legislator |
| head of state | the role of the president as the ceremonial head of government. (think Queen of England) |
| Chief executive | the role of the president as head of the executive branch of government. |
| commander in chief | the role of the president as supreme commander of the military forces |
| chief diplomat | the role of the president in recognizing foreign governments, making treaties, and effecting executive agreements. |
| chief legislator | the role of the president in influencing the making of laws. |
| Missouri Governor | Jay Nixon |
| Missouri Senators | Roy Blunt and Claire McCaskill |
| functions of congress | lawmaking, representation, and oversight functions |
| pork barrel projects | legislation whose tangible benefits are targeted at a particular legislator's constituency (like a new highway or hospital) |
| constituency | the people who reside within an elected official's political jurisdiction |
| party leaders | members of the house and senate who are chosen by the dem. or rep. caucus in each chamber and who give some central direction to the chamber's work. |
| gerrymandering | the process by which the party in power draws election district boundaries in a way that is to the advantage of its candidates |
| the general assembly | the Missouri congress, the legislative branch of the Mo. Gov., composed of the house of representatives and a Senate. |
| front loading | the practice of moving presidential primary elections to the early part of the campaign, to maximize the impact of these primaries on the nomination. |
| super delegate | a party leader or elected official who is given the right to vote at the party's national convention. |
| impeachment | an action by the house of representatives to accuse the president, vice president, or other civil officers of the U.S. of committing treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. |
| government corporations | a corporation created and funded by the government to provide some public service that would be insufficiently provided by the private sector (postal service) |
| type of case that the supreme court is likely to hear | Cases that raise major Constitutional issues, when two lower courts are in disagreement. |
| judicial restraint | the doctrine that the judiciary should closely follow the wording of the law, be highly respectful of precedent, and defer to the judgment of legislatures. |
| judicial activism | the doctrine that courts should develop new legal principles when judges see a compelling need, even if this action places them in conflict with precedent or the policy decisions of elected officials |
| chief justice of the US Supreme Court | John Roberts |
| United States Secretary of State | John Kerry |
| presidential cabinet | a group consisting of the heads of the executive departments who are appointed by the President and subject to confirmation by the Senate. |
| bureaucracy | a group of departments, agencies, and other institutions that for the most part are located in the executive branch of government and that develop and implement public policy. |
| parts of bureaucracy | cabinet departments, independent agencies, regulatory agencies, government corporations, and presidential commissions. |
| functions of the bureaucracy | implement laws, make rules, provide expert advice, and settle disputes |
| composition of the Missouri Executive Branch | Governor, attorney general, auditor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, and treasurer |
| departments in the Missouri executive branch | departments of: administration, ag., conservation, corrections, economic develop., elementary and secondary ed., health & senior services, higher ed., labor, mental health, natural resources, public safety, revenue, social services, and transportation |
| unit rule | A rule of procedure at a national politcal convention under which a state's entire vote must be cast for the candidate preferred by a majority of the state's delegates. |
| criminal case | case that involves a violation of the statues that are intended to protect the public's health, order, safety and morality |
| civil case | case that concerns a violation of the legal rights or obligations of one individual toward another |
Created by:
emulligan
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