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BOCES GI A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are enzymes? | Proteins that help break down large food particles for digestion |
| Where is amylase activated? | Salivary glands and pancreas |
| Where is the esophagus and what does it connect? | Behind trachea - pharynx to stomach |
| What is peristalsis? | Movement through GI system |
| What substance is food changed to in the stomach? | Chyme |
| Which gastric juice helps to kill bacteria? | HCL |
| Which enzyme aids in vit b12 absorption? | Intrinsic factor |
| What are the folds in the stomach called? | Rugae |
| What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine? | Exocrine is excretion through a duct. Endocrine is excretion directly into circulation or tissues. |
| What is stomatitis? | Ulcers in mouth |
| What is sialolithias? | Salivary stone |
| What bacteria is responsible for most gastric ulcers? | H. pylori |
| What is pyrosis? | Heart burn |
| Where does heart burn occur? | Cardiac sphincter |
| What keeps food from reentering esophagus from stomach? | Cardiac sphincter |
| What are the small finger-like projections lining the small intestines? | Villi |
| What is a paralytic ileus? | Peristalsis stops or slows and food, gas and fluid backs up. |
| If an appendix ruptures, what is the infection called within the abdominal cavity? | Peritonitis |
| Main functions of large intestines: | Absorbs water, bacteria to synthesize vitamins, waste stored and moved to rectum |
| Where is bile produced? | Liver |
| Where is bile stored? | Gallbladder |
| Which part of the GI system is generally affected by Crohn's disease? | Small intestine |
| Which part of GI system is usually affected by Ulcerative Colitis and Diverticulitis? | Large intestine |
| Main functions of liver: | Detoxifies blood |
| What vitamins are stored in liver? | A, E, K, D, B12 |
| What fluid build-up can be caused by portal hypertension? | Ascites |
| What is a paracentesis? | Removal of fluid from abdominal cavity |
| What is the blood product responsible for skin color changes in jaundice? | Bilirubin |
| Where does bilirubin get its color? | Old RBC's |
| What is cholelithiasis? | Gallstones |
| Describe difference between acinar cells and Islets of Langerhans. | Acinar cels = exocrine/digestive enzymes. Islets of L. = endocrine/insulin |
| What is converted to urea in the liver? | Ammonia, which is very toxic to the body |
| Where is glycogen stored? | Liver |
| What is C-difficile and what part of the GI tract does it affect? | Spore-forming, opportunistic bacteria. Lines colon, causes explosive diarrhea. |
Created by:
shocklori
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