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M6 13-005
Exam 4: Cardiovascular System Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aneurysm | A localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel |
| Angina Pectoris | Paroxysmal thoracic chest pain, pressure, and choking feeling caused by decreased oxygen to the myocardium. |
| Arteriosclerosis | arterial disorder characterized by LOSS OF ELASTICITY, THICKENING, AND CALCIFICATION OF THE ARTERIAL WALLS |
| Atherosclerosis | arterial disorder characterized by YELLOWISH PLAQUES OF CHOLESTEROL, LIPIDS, AND CELLULAR DEBRIS in the inner layers of the walls of arteries |
| Bradycardia | slow heart rhythm characterized by a pulse LESS THAN 60 BPM |
| Cardioversion | restoration of a heart's normal sinus rhythm by delivery of a SYNCHRONIZED ELECTRIC SHOCK through two paddles placed on the patient's chest. |
| Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | Conditions that obstruct blood flow in the coronary arteries. |
| Defibrillation | Converting ventricular fibrillation by delivering a direct electrical COUNTER SHOCK to the pericardium. "Pausing the heart". |
| Dysrhythmia | An abnormal cardiac rhythm; also called an arrhythmia |
| Embolus | a foreign object, blood clot, fat air or amniotic fluid in the bloodstream that becomes lodged in a blood vessel |
| Endarterectomy | Surgical removal of the intimal lining of an artery. |
| Heart Failure | Syndrome of circulatory congestive due to the heart's inability to act as an effective pump. |
| Hypoxemia | An abnormal deficiency of oxygen in the arterial blood |
| Intermittent Claudication | Weakness of the legs accompanied by "cramp-like pain" in the calves caused by decreased ARTERIAL BLOOD circulation in the legs |
| Ischemia | DECREASED BLOOD SUPPLY to a body organ or part; often marked by pain and organ dysfunction |
| Myocardial Infarction (MI) | Necrosis of a portion of the cardiac muscle caused by an occlusion of a major coronary artery or one of its branches. |
| Occlusion | An obstruction or closing off in a canal, vessel or passage of the body. |
| Orthopnea | Patient must sit-up or stand to breathe deeply and comfortably |
| Peripheral | Pertaining to the outside, surface or surrounding area |
| Pleural Effusion | An accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity between the visceral and parietal layers |
| Polycythemia | An abnormal increase in the number of RBCs in the blood. |
| Pulmonary Edema | Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli; most commonly caused by left-sided heart failure. |
| Tahcycardia | a heart rate of GREATER THAN 100 BPM |
| Heart | Four-chambered, hollow, muscular organ, MEDIASTINAL SPACE. |
| Apex | Lower border of the heart |
| Base | Upper border of the heart |
| Three Layers of the Heart Wall | Pericardium, Myocardium, Endocardium |
| Pericardium | a 2 part membrane that comprises the outside layer of the heart (Pericardium & Epicardium) |
| Myocardium | Constructed of cardiac muscle |
| Endocardium | Lines the inner surface os the chambers of the heart |
| Chambers of the heart | Right Atrium (RA) & Right Ventricle (RV) Left Atrium (LA) & Left Ventricle (LV) |
| Heart Valves | Atrioventricular (AV) Valves & Semilunar Valves |
| Atrioventricular (AV) Valves | Tricuspid Valve & Mitral Valve |
| Mitral Valve | Between LA & LV |
| Tricuspid Valve | Between RA & RV |
| Semilunar Valves | Pulmonary Vlave & Aortic Valve |
| Right Atrium (RA) | the upper right chamber; receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the VENA CAVA, and from the heart via the CORONARY SINUS |
| Right Ventricle (RV) | the lower chamber; receives blood from the right atrium through the TRICUSPID VALVE. Pumps blood to the lungs through the PULMONIC VALVE via the PULMONARY ARTERIES. |
| Left Atrium (LA) | Upper left chamber; receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the PULMONARY VEINS |
| Left Ventricle (LV) | Lower left chamber; recieves blood from the atrium though the MITRAL VALVE. Most muscular section of the heart pumps oxygenated blood though the AORTIC VALVE to all parts of the body. |
| Blood Vessels | Arteries, Capillaries, Veins |
| Arteries | Vessels carrying blood away from the heart |
| Capillaries | Tiny blood vessels joining arterioles and venules. |
| Veins | Vessels that carries blood to the heart |
| Pulmonary Circulation | Artery->Arteriole->Capillary->Venule->Vein |
| Systemic Circulation (Blood) | Circulates blood from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium. |
| Systemic Circulation (Oxygen) | Carries oxygen and nutrients to all body tissues and removes products of metabolism. |
| Pulmonary Circulation (Blood) | Circulates blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium of the heart. |
| Pulmonary Circulation (Oxygen) | Carries de-oxygenated blood to the lungs to be re-oxygenated and removes the metabolic waste product, carbon dioxide. |
| Automaticity | An inherent ability of the heart muscle tissue to contract in a rhythmic pattern. |
| Irritability | The ability of the heart muscle tissue to respond to a stimulus. |
| Sinoatrial (SA) Node | Located in the superior portion of the RA, "Pacemaker" of the heart, causes contraction of the atria. |
| Atrioventricular (AV) Node | Located in the part (Base) of the RA, short delay in transmission of impulses at AV node. |
| Bundle of His (Atrioventricular Bundle) | Inter-ventricular septum w/ branches extending to all parts of the ventricle walls. Divides into L & R bundle branches, which divide into smaller branches called Purkinje Fibers. |
| Perkinje Fibers | Surround the vertricles and causes contraction of the ventricles. |
| Complete Heartbeat | Complete diastole and systole of both atria and ventricles constitute a cardiac cycle. |
| Systole | Phase of contraction: Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves, this produces th "lubb" sound (S1) of the heart sounds. |
| Diastole | Phase of relaxation: closeure of the pulmonic and aortic valves, this produces the "dubb" sound (S2) of the heart sounds |
Created by:
jtzuetrong
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