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History of Planning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| WORLD'S COLOMBIAN EXPO IN CHICAGO | 1893, daniel burnham, city beautiful movement |
| First N'tl Conf on City Planning in DC | 1909 |
| Possibly 1st course in City planning in US | 1909 |
| American Institute of Planners (AIP) created | 1917 |
| American Society of Planning offcls (ASPO) begun | 1934 |
| AIP and ASPO merge to form APA | 1978 |
| AICP College of Fellows recog distinguised indiv. contributions | 1999 |
| City Beautiful | 1983 by Daniel Burnham (father of planning) chicago columbia expo & 1909 plan of chicago |
| Patrick Geddes | Pioneer of Regional Planning |
| Edward Bassett | Pioneer of Zoning |
| Ian McHarg | Pioneer of Environmental Planning; Concept: Design with Nature |
| Paul Davidoff | Pioneer of Advocacy Planning |
| Kevin Lynch | Image of the City |
| Lewis Mumford | The Culture of Cities |
| Clarence Perry | Plan for New York and its Enviros |
| Jacob Riis | How the other Half lives |
| Agrarian Philosophy (1800s) | Thomas Jefferson & John Hector St. John |
| Laissez Faire Philosophy (1800s) | Adam Smith, advocated for a free market economy |
| Public Health Movement | Later 1800s to early 1900s |
| Garden City Movement | 1898, Ebenezer Howard |
| City Humane Movement | 1930s New Deal |
| City Efficient | 1920s Standardization (SSZEA) |
| New Towns | Late 1930s through 1940s |
| City Functional Movement | 1940s, Military/Federal |
| Ordinance of 1785 | Rectangular land survey and settlement of the western US ( human settlement pattern) |
| 1st Amendment | Freedom of speech & people right to peacefully assemble |
| 5th amendment | No person shall be deprived life, liberty, or property w/out due process of law, nor shall private property be taken for public use w/out just compensation |
| 14th amendment | No person shall be deprived life, liberty, or property w/out due process of law, |
| 1987 Court Case: The 5th Amendment requires compensation for a temporary TAKING | First English Evangelical Church of Glendale v. County of Los Angeles |
| 2002 Court Case: The moratorium DID NOT constitute a TAKING | Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency |
| National Level | -Environment, Transportation, Housing -Federal Programs |
| Multi-State Level Planning | Environment, Transportation I.e. Tennessee valley Authority & New York/New Jersey Port Authority |
| State-Level Planning | -Environment, Transportation -Hawaii, statewide planning example |
| Regional-Level Planning | -Environment |
| Land Based Classification Standards (LBCS) | Classifies land uses across five dimensions. For local planning purposes, LBCS calls for classifying land uses in the following dimensions: Activity, Function, Structure Type, Site Development Character, and Ownership. |
| shift share analysis | technique that analyzes changes in employment in a set or urban areas or regions (i.e. share in nat'l growth, mix change in activities, shift change in activities in study area |
| Emergency Preparedness | |
| Teardowns | |
| Aging Industrial Areas, Corridors & Brownfields | |
| Rustbelt ( & Declining Populations) | |
| Right Sizing | |
| TOD | |
| Transit | |
| Traffic Circles & Roundabouts | |
| Housing Market | |
| ARRA | American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of |
| Sustainability & Sustainable Development | |
| Green Buildings/LEED (LEED-ND) | LEED by USGC, first national system for neighborhood design; merges smart growth,, urbanism, and green building principles |
| Alternative Energy | solar ( most popular), fossil fuels, wind power |
| Smart Growth | |
| Obesity | Emerging Public Health movement |
| Concurrency | 1. Concurrency-based approaches to growth management simply limit development to areas with adequate public infrastructure. The Town of Ramapo, New York produced an influential concurrency-based growth management system. |
| Form Based Codes | method of regulating development to achieve a specific urban (physical) form. focus less on land use thru city or county regulations. |
| Smart Code | model transect-based develpmnt for all scales of planning; keeps towns compact, fixes sprawl, rural lands open |
| Neo-traditional/ TND | |
| 2010 Census | Us pop count every 10 yrs; used to set Congressional seats, community services, & $400 bil in fed. funds (local, state, & tribal) each yr |
| Hazard Mitigation (2000) | Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, requires plans for H.M.; to reduce the probability of damages from hazards |
| components of hazard mitigation plan | explanation how it was created exisiting conditions and problems alternatives identify best actions implementation how will plan be monitored, evaluated and updated. |
| Seaside, Florida | |
| Level of Service (A, B, C,D,E,F) | D and up is too much. |
| Comprehensive Plans | Long range guiding document with broad focus |
| community develpmnt | |
| zoning and development regulations | exactions fees ( Impact fees smart growth |
| economic development | workforce analysis forecasting,attraction, and retention, and revitalization |
| energy policy | fed,state, and local Energy and climate change issues |
| community gardens and food systems planning | food deserts food planning policies |
| infill develpmnt/growth managment | parcel classification |
| disaster planning | disaster mitigation act of 2000 Security policies |
| Historic Preservation | nat'l historic preservation act of 1966 landmark designation historic/cultural resources |
| housing | Housing, factory-built housing (manuf &-pre-fab) homelessness |
| infrastructure/capital improvements | best management practices |
| environment | 1960s/1970s Fed legislation (Clean Water Act) Water & Habitat Management |
| Parks and Open Space | Types of Parks/Classifications Active vs. Passive |
| Policy Planning | specific topics |
| Social Services | fed and state programs Child care & homelessness |
| transportation and Circulation | Complete streets Street Classifications LOS (level of service) |
| Types of Zoning | PUD Overlay TDRs Incentive |
| Intensity, FAR, Bulk | |
| Intensity, FAR, Bulk | |
| NEPA & Environment Impact Statement (EIS) | EIS has 4 sections -Intro: purpose & Need of Proposed Action -Affected Environment -Range of Alternatives (heart of EIS doc) -Analysis of the ENviro impacts of each alternative |
| PPBS Program Planning BUdgeting system | |
| Zero base budget | starting from scratch |
| Linear (budget) | |
| PERT | program evaluation and review technique |
| GAM | Goals Achievement Matrix |
| Types of presentation techniques | PPT, presentation boards, memos, oral presentations, planning document review (entire) |
| Types of Financing | Bonds Assessments Grants TIFs |
| capital vs Operating Budgeting | |
| (zoning) Intensity Bulk | |
| Planning Commission | |
| Zoning Board of Appeals | |
| FAR |
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