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Chapter 5- CardioVS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ACE inhibitor | Blocks the action of the enzyme that causes blood vessels to contract resulting in hypertension |
| anemia | A condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in pallor and weariness. |
| aneurysm | An excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall. |
| angina | A condition marked by severe pain in the chest, often also spreading to the shoulders, arms, and neck, caused by an inadequate blood supply to the heart |
| angioplasty | Surgical repair or unblocking of a blood vessel, esp. a coronary artery |
| anticoagulant | medicine that prevents or retards the clotting of blood |
| aplastic anemia | Deficiency of all types of blood cells caused by failure of bone marrow development |
| arrhythmia | A condition in which the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm |
| atherectomy | The surgical procedure to remove plaque from an artery |
| atheroma | The fatty material that forms plaques in the arteries |
| atherosclerosis | 1.A disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls |
| atrial fibrillation | abnormal rhythm of the heart that can result in an increased risk of stroke due to the formation of emboli (blood clots) in the heart. |
| automated external defibrillator | A device that analyzes a person's heartbeat and can automatically deliver an electric shock if needed. |
| beta-blocker | Any of a class of drugs that prevent the stimulation of the adrenergic receptors responsible for increased cardiac action, they are used to control heart rhythm, treat angina, and reduce high blood pressure |
| blood dyscrasia | any abnormal condition of the blood |
| bradycardia | Abnormally slow heart action |
| cardiac arrest | A sudden, sometimes temporary, cessation of function of the heart |
| cardiac catheterization | is the insertion of a catheter into a chamber or vessel of the heart. |
| cardiomyopathy | Chronic disease of the heart muscle |
| carotid endarterectomy | a surgical procedure used to prevent stroke, by correcting stenosis (narrowing) in the common carotid artery. |
| cholesterol | A compound of the sterol type found in most body tissues, including the blood and the nerves. |
| chronic venous insufficiency | a medical condition where the veins cannot pump enough oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. |
| coronary thrombosis | A blockage of the flow of blood to the heart, caused by a blood clot in a coronary artery |
| defibrillation | The stopping of fibrillation of the heart by administering a controlled electric shock in order to allow restoration of the normal rhythm |
| diuretic | Causing increased passing of urine |
| electrocardiogram | A record or display of a person's heartbeat produced by electrocardiography |
| embolism | Obstruction of an artery, typically by a clot of blood or an air bubble |
| embolus | A blood clot, air bubble, piece of fatty deposit, or other object that has been carried in the bloodstream to lodge in a vessel and cause an embolism |
| endocarditis | Inflammation of the endocardium |
| erythrocytes | A red blood cell that (in humans) is typically a biconcave disc without a nucleus. |
| hemoglobin | A red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates. |
| hemolytic anemia | anemia resulting from destruction of erythrocytes |
| hemostasis | The stopping of a flow of blood |
| ischemic heart disease | is a disease characterized by ischaemia (reduced blood supply) of the heart muscle, usually due to coronary artery disease |
| leukemia | A malignant progressive disease in which the bone marrow and other blood-forming organs produce increased numbers of immature or abnormal leukocytes. |
| leukocytes | A colorless cell that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease; a white (blood) cell. |
| leukopenia | A reduction in the number of white cells in the blood, typical of various diseases |
| megaloblastic anemia | a rare blood disorder caused by a deficiency of either folate (a B vitamin) or Vitamin B-12, resulting in an inadequate amount of red blood cells produced. |
| myelodysplastic syndrome | an abnormal development of the cells produced in the bone marrow. This might be an abnormality in shape, size or organization of adult cells. Abnormal proliferation of cells CAN progress to leukemia. |
| myocardial infarction | irreversible injury to the heart muscle (heart attack). |
| orthostatic hypotension | low blood pressure occurring in some people when they stand up |
| paroxysmal atrial tachycardia | A rapid speeding up of the heartbeat. |
| pericardium | The membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane |
| pernicious anemia | A deficiency in the production of red blood cells through a lack of vitamin B12 |
| phlebitis | Inflammation of the walls of a vein |
| raynaud's phenomenon | a vasospastic disorder causing discoloration of the fingers, toes, and occasionally other areas. |
| septicemia | Blood poisoning, esp. that caused by bacteria or their toxins |
| sickle cell anemia | A severe hereditary form of anemia in which a mutated form of hemoglobin distorts the red blood cells into a crescent shape at low oxygen levels. It is commonest among those of African descent |
| tachycardia | An abnormally rapid heart rate |
| thallium stress test | A specialized kind of exercise stress test which is done after the patient receives a injection of a harmless radioactive substance (thallium) into the bloodstream. |
| thrombocytopenia | Deficiency of platelets in the blood. This causes bleeding into the tissues, bruising, and slow blood clotting after injury |
| thrombolytic | a kind of pharmaceutical that can break up clots blocking the flow of blood to the heart muscle |
| thrombosis | Local coagulation or clotting of the blood in a part of the circulatory system |
| thrombotic occlusion | a blockage within a blood vessel caused by a clot or thrombus. |
| thrombus | A blood clot formed in situ within the vascular system of the body and impeding blood flow |
| transfusion reaction | reaction of the body to a transfusion of blood that is not compatible with its own blood; |
| valvulitis | Inflammation of the valves of the heart |
| varicose veins | veins that have become enlarged and tortuous. |
| ventricular fibrillation | fibrillation of heart muscles resulting in interference with rhythmic contractions of the ventricles and possibly leading to cardiac arrest |
| ventricular tachycardia | A fast rhythm which causes the heart to pump less efficiently, and can lead to dizziness, fainting and unconsciousness. |
| angi/o | vessel (blood) |
| aort/o | aorta (largest artery) |
| arteri/o | artery |
| ather/o | artery |
| erythr/o | red |
| hem/o | blood |
| hemat/o | blood |
| leuk/o | white |
| megal/o | large, abnormal enlargement |
| myel/o | spinal cord; bone marrow |
| tachy- | fast |
| trans- | across; through |
| hem/o | cell |
| hemat/o | blood condition |
| phleb/o | vein |
| thromb/o | clot |
| ven/o | vein |
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