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Skeletal System Ch.
Chapter 7 definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Axial skeleton | Upright, central supporting axis of the body, which includes 80 bones of the skull, ribcage, and vertebral column |
| Appendicular skeleton | 126 bones that make up the limbs and the pelvic and shoulder area |
| Condyle | Rounded knob; usually fits into a fossa on another bone to form a joint; an articulation |
| Facet | A flat surface; an articulation |
| Head | The prominent, expanded end of a bone; an articulation |
| Crest | A moderately raised ridge; a projection |
| Epicondyle | A bump superior to a condyle; a projection |
| Process | A projection or raised area |
| Spine | A sharp, pointed process; a projection |
| Trochanter | A large process; found only on the femur; a projection |
| Tubercle | A small, rounded process; a projection |
| Tuberosity | A rough, raised bump, usually for muscle attachment; a projection |
| Fossa | A furrow or depression |
| Fovea | A small pit; a depression |
| Sulcus | Groove or elongated depression |
| Canal | A tunnel through a bone; a passage |
| Fissure | A long slit for blood vessels and nerves; a passage |
| Foramen | A round opening, usually a passageway for vessels and nerves |
| Meatus | A tube-like opening; a passage |
| Sinus | Cavity within a bone; a passage |
| Cranium | Bony structure housing the brain; consists of 8 cranial bones |
| Parietal bones | Cranial bones that join together to form the top and sides of the cranial cavity |
| Occipital bone | Cranial bone that forms the rear of the skull |
| Frontal bone | Cranial bone that forms the forehead and the roof of the eye sockets |
| Temporal bones | Cranial bones that form the sides of the cranium and part of the cranial floor; also contain the structures of the middle and inner ear |
| Sphenoid bone | Cranial bone that forms a key part of the cranial floor as well as the floor and side walls of the orbits |
| Ethmoid bone | Cranial bone that contributes to the walls of the orbits, the roof and walls of the nasal cavity, and the nasal septum |
| Sella turcica | Indented area on top of the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland |
| Cribriform plate | Top of the ethmoid bone that forms part of the roof of the nasal cavity |
| Sutures | Immovable joints that join the bones of the skull together |
| Coronal suture | Joint between the parietal bones and the frontal bone |
| Lambdoidal suture | Line of articulation between the parietal bones and the occipital bone |
| Squamous suture | Runs along the top edge of the temporal bone |
| Sagittal suture | Joint between the right and left parietal bones |
| Foramina | Holes in the skull that allow for passage of nerves and blood |
| Foramen magnum | Large opening at the base of the skull that allows the spinal cord to pass through as it connects to the brainstem |
| Maxillae | Form the foundation of the face; meet to form the upper jaw; form part of the floor of the orbits, part of the roof of the mouth, and part of the floor and walls of the nose |
| Zygomatic bones | Shape the cheeks and form the outer edge of the orbit |
| Mandible | Largest and strongest bone of the face; articulates with the temporal bone; only facial bone that can move |
| TMJ | Temporomandibular joint |
| Lacrimal bones | Paper-thin bones that form part of the side wall of the orbit |
| Nasal bones | Rectangular bones that form the bridge of the nose |
| Inferior nasal conchae | Bones that contribute to the nasal cavity |
| Vomer | Small bone that forms the inferior half of the nasal septum |
| Palatine bones | Bones that form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the wall of the nasal cavity, and part of the floor of the orbit |
| Auditory ossicles | Bones of the middle ear; the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup) |
| Hyoid bone | U-shaped bone that sits between the chin and the larynx; serves an attachment point for muscles that control the tongue, mandible, and larynx; only bone that doesn't articulate with any other bone |
| Paranasal sinuses | 4 pairs of sinuses that open into the internal nose; filled with air, they lighten the skull and act as resonators for sound production |
| Anterior fontanel | Largest "soft spot" on a newborn's skull |
| Posterior (occipital) fontanel | Smaller "soft spot" on a newborn's skull |
| Scoliosis | Lateral curvature of the spine |
| Kyphosis | Exaggerated thoracic curvature; "hunchback" |
| Lordosis | Exaggerated lumbar curvature; "swayback" |
| Vertebral foramen | Opening that allows for passage of the spinal cord |
| Body | Weight-bearing portion of the vertebra |
| Spinous process | Projects posteriorly from the vertebra; the bumps you feel when you run your hand along the spine; attachment point for muscles and ligaments |
| Transverse processes | Extend from each side of the vertebra; attachment points for muscles and ligaments |
| Nucleus pulposis | Gel-like core of a intervertebral disc |
| Annulus fibrosus | Ring of tough fibrocartilage on an intervertebral disc |
| Laminectomy | Procedure to repair a herniated disc |
| Atlas | First cervical vertebra; supports the skull; has no body; articulates with bony projections on the occipital bone (makes nodding "yes" possible) |
| Axis | Second cervical vertebra; allows the head to swivel from side to side |
| Dens | Odontoid process; projects into the atlas |
| Transverse ligament | Holds the dens in place |
| Manubrium | Broadest portion of the sternum |
| Suprasternal notch | At the top of the manubrium between the 2 clavicles; easily palpated |
| Body | Longest portion of the sternum; joins the manubrium at the sternal angle (angle of Louis)at the location of the second rib |
| Xiphoid process | Important landmark for CPR; provides an attachment point for some abdominal muscles |
| True ribs | Ribs 1-7; attach to the sternum by a strip of costal cartilage |
| Costal cartilage | Strip of hyaline cartilage that attaches ribs to sternum |
| False ribs | Ribs 8-10; attach to the cartilage of rib 7 |
| Floating ribs | Ribs 11 and 12; do not attach to any part of the anterior thoracic cage |
| Costal margins | Lower edges of the thoracic cage; meet at the xiphoid process |
| Costal angle | Formed by the meeting of the 2 costal margins at the xiphoid process; should be less than 90 degrees |
| Pectoral girdle | Shoulder girdle; supports the arm; consists of a clavicle and a scapula |
| Acromion process | Extension of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle; only point where the arm and the scapula attach to the rest of the skeleton |
| Coracoid process | Finger-like process that provides a point of attachment for some of the muscles of the arm |
| Glenoid cavity | Shallow socket that articulates with the head of the humerus |
| Olecranon fossa | Depression on the posterior side of the humerus |
| Olecranon process | Bony point of the elbow; slides in the olecranon fossa when the arm is extended |
| Proximal head of the radius | Distinctive disc that rotates on the humerous when the palm is turned forward and back |
| Radial tuberosity | Where the biceps muscle attaches to the bone |
| Styloid processes of the radius and ulna | Bony bumps that can be felt at the wrist |
| Metacarpal bones | 5 bones that form the palm of the hand |
| Carpal bones | 8 bones (arranged in 2 rows of 4) that form the wrist |
| "Guitar Hero syndrome" | Inflammation of the tendons of the wrist |
| "BlackBerry thumb" | Painful inflammation in the thumb |
| Os coxae | 2 large bones of the hip that form the pelvic girdle; innominate bones; consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis; articulates with the sacrum |
| Sacroiliac joint | Where each os coxae articulates with the sacrum |
| Iliac crest | Upper, outer edge of the ilium |
| Greater sciatic notch | Point through which the sciatic nerve passes on its path to the back of the thigh |
| Acetabulum | A ddepression that houses the head of the femur to form the "hip socket" |
| Ischial spine | Projection into the pelvic cavity |
| Ischial tuberosity | Supports your body when you're sitting |
| Obturator foramen | Large hole below the acetabulum that's closed by a ligament |
| Pelvis | Combination of the os coxae and the sacrum; supports the trunk, provides an attachment point for the legs, and protects the organs of the pelvis |
| True (lesser) pelvis | Extends between the pelvic brim |
| False (greater) pelvis | Extends between the outer, flaring edges of the iliac bones |
| Pelvic outlet | Lower edge of the true pelvis |
| Patella | Kneecap; triangular sesamoid bone imbeeded in the tendon of the knee |
| Greater trochanter | Bony projection on the femur that provides an attachment point for hip muscles |
| Lesser trochanter | Bony projection on the femur that provides an attachment point for hip muscles |
| Tibial tuberosity | Serves as the attachment point for thigh muscles; can be palpated just below the patella |
| Medial malleolus | Bony knob you can palpate on your inner ankle |
| Lateral malleolus | Ankle bone formed by the distal end of the fibula |
| Hallux | Big toe; only contains 2 bones |
| Metatarsals | Form the middle portion of the foot |
| Tarsals | Comprise the ankle |
| Cuneiforms | Make up the second row of tarsal bones |
| Talus | Second largest tarsal bone; articulates with 3 bones |
| Calcaneus | Largest tarsal bone; forms the heel; bears much of the body's weight |
| Articulation | The site of close approximation of 2 or more bones |
Created by:
cbooher16
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