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Brain & spinal cord
Stuff to know
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 types of neurons | Sensory neuron (afferent) Motor neuron (efferent) Interneuron (connecting) |
| Myelinated tracts of the brain & chord | white matter |
| Functions of the Cerebellum | smooth coordinated movements balance (equilibrium) normal posture |
| Functions of the Hypothalamus | urine volume, body temp, blood vessels, contraction of stomach/intestines, emotions, & sleep cycle |
| Reflex arc | basic type of neuron pathway |
| Involuntary motor nerves | Autonomic |
| Proprioception | muscle spindles |
| Group of wrapped Axons | Fascicle |
| A group of nerve-cell bodies located in the PNS | ganglion |
| 2 layers of meninges | 1.Pia 2.Arachnoid 3.Dura mater |
| 3 things the vital centers control | 1.Cardiac 2.Respiratory 3.Vasomotor |
| Quadriplegia | paralysis of all 4 extremities |
| What is the H shape of the spinal chord made up of? | gray matter |
| Viral infection that is a reactivation of varicella virus | Shingles |
| 2 principal divisions of nervous system | Central Peripheral |
| 2 types of cells found in the nervous system | Neurons & glia |
| 3 parts of neuron | 1.Cell body-main part 2.Dendrites-1 or more branching projections 3.Axon-1 elongated projection |
| The most common myelin disorder of the CNS | multiple sclerosis |
| Condition characterized by facial paralysis | bells palsy |
| Blocks substances from getting through the blood to the brain | Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) |
| Location of the diencephalon | Above the midbrain and below the cerebrum |
| How many pair of spinal nerves are there? | 31 |
| pairs: number of cranial nerves | 12 pair |
| Severe pain from 5th cranial nerve; usually affects one side of head/face | trigeminal neuralgia; tic douloureaux |
| Gray matter | brain & cord tissue composed of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons & dendrites |
| Synapse | the microscopic space separating the axon ending of one neuron from the dendrites of another neuron |
| Neurons | nerve cells that conduct impulses |
| Sensory neurons | Transmit impulses to the spinal chord and brain from all parts of body; Afferent |
| Motor neurons | Transmit impulses away from the brain and spinal chord-only to 2 kinds of tissue (muscle and glandular epithelial); Efferent |
| Interneurons | conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons; central or connecting |
| Water on the brain | hydrocephalus |
| Glioma | one of the most common types of brain tumor-develops from glia cells |
| Function of auditory tube | stabilizes pressure |
| Sheath that covers the whole nerve | epineural |
| Astrocytes | threadlike branches that attach to neurons and small blood vessels holding them together |
| Microglia | smaller, stationary glia cells |
| Glia | "neuroglia", Support neurons, holds functioning neurons together & protects them |
| Schwann cells | produces myelin |
| Cerebrum | Largest part of the brain |
| Cerebellum | Second largest part of the brain |
| The response to impulse conduction over a reflex arc | reflex |
| Part of ANS that increases heartbeat, decreases digestion | Sympathetic |
| Meninges | fluid filled membrane that covers the brain |
| Axon covering (around schwann cell & myelin ) | endoneurium |
| Where does spinal chord start and end? | Starts just below occipital bone Ends after 1st lumbar vertebrae |
| Inherited, progresses to severe dementia and death | Huntington disease |
| Outer cell/membrane of a schwann cell | neurilemma |
| Malignant tumor of sympathetic nervous system | neuroblastoma ( affects children mostly ) |
| Vital centers are located here | Medulla oblongata |
| Hemiplegia | paralysis of 1/2 the body |
| "bridge", nerve cells cross from one side of the brain to control the opposite side of the body | pons |
| Area of brain that provides nerve conduction pathways to and from the brain | midbrain |
| General name for tumors arising in nervous system structures | neuroma |
| Covers the fascicle | perineurium |
| Located between pia mater and arachnoid mater | cerebral spinal fluid |
| Grooves in the brain | sulci, sulcus |
| The beginnings of dendrites of sensory neurons | receptors |
| Ridges in the brain | Gyri, Gyrus |
| Contains the hypothalamus and the thalamus | diencephalon |
| 2 major structures of diencephalon | 1.hypothalamus 2.thalamus |
| 3 parts of brainstem | 1.medulla oblongata 2.pons 3.midbrain |
| Upward extension of spinal cord | medulla oblongata |
| Chemicals by which neurons communicate | neurotransmitters |
| Outer cell membrane of schwann cell | neurilemma |
| 4 main divisons of brain | 1.brainstem 2.cerebellum 3.diencephalon 4.cerebrun |
| Change in temperature | thermoreceptor |
| Corpus callosum | connects the two portions of the brain |
| ADH hormone controls this | volume of urine |
| 3 types of glia | 1.astrocytes 2.microglia 3.oligodendrocytes |
| Neurotransmitters that act like morphine | endorphins and encephalons |
| White, fatty substance made by schwann cells | myelin |
| Indentations between adjacent schwann cells | nodes of ranier |
| A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system | autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
| Nerves of the body | preipheral nervous system (PNS) |
| Brain and spinal cord | central nervous system (CNS) |
| Disease characterized by lack of dopamine | parkinsons |
| Caused by lack of oxygen to the brain | cerebral palsy (CVA-verebral vascular accident) |
| CSF | cerebral spinal fluid |
| Two neuron arc | simplest kind of reflex arc |
| Bundles of axons in the CNS | tracts |
| 3 places the ANS conducts the impulses to | 1.cardiac muscle 2.smooth muscle 3.glandular |
| Functions of thalamus | alerting, sensation, and associates sensation with emotion |
| Voluntary motor nerves | somatic |
| Two part discrimination | ability to distinguish one touch stimulus from two |
| Blood capillaries in brain used to filter cerebral spinal fluid | choroid plexis |
| Help hold nerve fibers together | oligodendrocytes |
| Play a role in sleep, motor function, mood, and pleasure | catacholamines |
| Paralysis of one side of body | hemiplegia |
| Partial paralysis on one side of the body | hemiparesis |
| Malignant tumor of neurological cells | glioma |
| Any disease of the brain | encephalopathy |
| Softening of brain tissue | encephalomalacia |
| Inflammation of the brain | encephalitis |
| Any disease of the nerves | neuropathy |
| Tumor usually in young children; highly malignant; derived from embryonic neural tissue | neuroblastoma |
| Inflammation of nerves | neuritis |
| Nerve pain | neuralgia |
| Softening of spinal cord | myelomalacia |
| Tumor of the meninges | meningioma |
| Inflammation of the meninges | meningitis |
| Herniation of the meninges through a hold in skull or vertebral column | meningocele |
| Herniation of meninges and spinal cord | meningomyelocele |
Created by:
kimberli1989
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