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Chabner Chapter 7

The Urinary System (Vocabulary)

TermDefinition
Arteriole Small artery.
Calyx or calix (plural: calyces or calices) Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis.
Catheter Tube for injecting or removing fluids.
Cortex Outer region of an organ the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney.
Creatinine Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.
Electrolyte Chemical element that carries an electical charge when dissolved in water.
Erythropoietin (EPO) Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow.
Filtration Process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter.
Glomerular capsule Enclosing structure surround each glomerulus.
Glomerulus (plural: glomuruli) Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney.
Hilum Depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.
Kidney One of two-bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.
Meatus Opening or a canal.
Medulla Inner region of an organ.
Nephron Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney.
Nitrogenous waste Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine.
Potassium (K+) An electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood.
Reabsorption Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.
Renal artery Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.
Renal pelvis Central collecting region in the kidney.
Renal tubule Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.
Renal vein Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart.
Renin Hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises the blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels).
Sodium (Na+) An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions.
Trigone Triangular area in the urinary bladder.
Urea Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.
Ureter One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Urethra Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
Uric acid Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine.
Urinary bladder Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.
Urination (voiding) Process of expelling urine; also called micturition.
Created by: mrssmith0725