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UKCD ANA534 P&SM
learning objective answers to posterior and superior mediastinum
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List components of Retrosternal region: | thymus, left brachiocephalic v., superior portion of the superior vena cava |
| List components of Intermediate region: | aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery; |
| List components of Prevertebral region: | trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, left recurrent laryngeal nerve. |
| What is the boundary between the superior and inferior mediastina? | The sternal angle. |
| Why is the sternal angle important clinically? | It represents the level at which the trachea bifurcates as well as the level at which the great vessels leave the heart. |
| Between what two vertebrae does a line drawn horizontally from the sternal angle posteriorly pass? | T4/T5. |
| What organ is found in the anterior mediastinum - in childhood? | The thymus. |
| What replaces this organ it in the adult? | Fat and connective tissue. |
| What structures are found only in the right aspect of the posterior mediastinum? | Azygous vein. |
| What are found only in the left posterior mediastinum? | Hemiazygous and accessory hemiazygous veins, aorta. |
| Which structures would be found on both sides of the posterior mediastinum? | Posterior intercostal aa., intercostal nn., intercostal vv., sympathetic trunk, paravertebral ganglia, rami communicans, splancnic nn., and vagus nn |
| Which specific vessels drain the intercostal spaces of the posterior thoracic wall? | Intercostal vv. |
| What system do they form? | The azygous system. |
| What is the typical pattern of this system? | Broken H. |
| How is the superior vena cava formed? | The union of the left and right brachiocephalic vv. |
| What vessels form the brachiocephalic vv.? | The union of the internal jugular vv. with the subclavian vv. on the left and right sides. |
| In which thoracic division(s) is the thoracic duct located? | The posterior (on its way from the abdomen) AND superior (as it termninates) mediastina. |
| Where does the thoracic duct begin? | At the cysterna chyli in the upper region of the abdomen. |
| Where does the thoracic duct terminate? | At the junction of the left internal jugular and left subclavian vv. |
Created by:
wiechartm
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