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Chabner Chapter 12
The Respiratory System (Pathology)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anthracosis | Coal dust accumulation in the lungs. |
| Asbestosis | Asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs. |
| Asthma (Bronchial) | Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production. |
| Atelectasis (Lung) | Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli. |
| Auscultation | Listening to sounds within the body. |
| Bacilli (singular: bacillus) | Rod-shaped bacteria (cause of tuberculosis). |
| Bronchiectasis (Bronchial) | Chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection. |
| Chronic bronchitis (Bronchial) | Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). |
| Chronic Pulmonary Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | Chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs. |
| Cor pulmonale | Failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease. |
| Diphtheria (Upper Respiratory) | Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium (Corynebacterium). |
| Emphysema (Lung) | Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls. |
| Epistaxis (Upper Respiratory) | Nosebleed. |
| Exudate | Fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filters from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions ar areas of inflammation. |
| Hydrothorax | Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity. |
| Infiltrate | Collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic image. |
| Lung cancer (Lung) | Malignant tumor arising form the lungs and bronchi. |
| Mesothelioma (Pleural) | Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura. |
| Pallative | Relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease. |
| Paroxysmal | Pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or seizure. |
| Percussion | Tapping on a surface to deteermine the difference in the density of the underlying structure. |
| Pertussis (Upper Respiratory) | Whoopig cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis. |
| Pleural effusion (Pleural) | Abnormal accumularion of fluie in the pleural space (cavity). |
| Pleural rub | Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other. |
| Pleurisy (pleuritis) (Pleural) | Inflammation of the pleura. |
| Pneumonconiosis (Lung) | Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis. |
| Pneumonia (Lung) | Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction. |
| Pneumothorax (Pleural) | Collection of air in the pleural space. |
| Pulmonary abscess (Lung) | Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs. |
| Pulmonary edema (Lung) | Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles. |
| Pulmonary embolism (Lung) | clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung. |
| Pulmonary fibrosis (Lung) | Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs. |
| Pulmonary infarction | Area of necrosis (death of lung tissue). |
| Purulent | Containing pus. |
| Rales (crackles) | Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli. |
| Rhinorrhagia (Upper Respiratory) | Nosebleed. |
| Rhonchi (singular: rhonchus) | Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum. |
| Sarcoidosis (Lung) | Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs. |
| Silicosis | Disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs; occurs in mining occupations. |
| Sputum | Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting. |
| Stridor | Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx. |
| Tuberculosis (TB) (Lung) | Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected. |
| Wheezes | Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing. |
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