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cardiovascular
corbitt A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hematology= | study of blood and its disorders |
| formed elements | erythrocytes - red blood cells RBCs leukocytes - white blood cells WBCs platelets |
| platelets are also known as | thrombocytes |
| plamsa= | liquid in blood 90% H2o |
| plasma proteins are | the most abundant solutes |
| albumin is | the most abundant plasma protein |
| what is plasma clotting factor | serum |
| The average adult has how much blood | 4-6qts |
| Venous blood is darker in color due to | containing less oxygen |
| arterial blood is bright red due to | high levels of oxygen |
| what is the pH level of blood | 7.35-7.45 avg 7.4 |
| Viscosity= | thickness |
| viscosity of blood contributes | normal blood pressure |
| erythrocytes do what | carry oxygen to all the cells in the body |
| What happens when old RBCs are destroyed | the waste product bilirubin is formed and excreted by the liver in bile |
| Hgb (or Hb)= | hemoglobin |
| henogolbin= | iron containing pigment in blood and oxygen carrying protein |
| Hct= | hematocrit |
| hematocrit is | the % of RBCs |
| how many erythrocytes are in a mm3 of blood | 4.5 to 6 million per 1 drop |
| what is the normal range of Hgb in males | 13-18 g/dl |
| what is the normal range of Hgb in females | 12-16 g/dl |
| the % of red blood cells is known as | hematocrit |
| anemia= | low iron, decrease in the oxygen carrying ability of blood |
| reticulocyte= | an immature red blood cell |
| an immature red blood cell matures in | 2-5 days and lives 120 days |
| H & H = | hemoglobin and hematocrit |
| if hypoxia occurs | the kidneys produce the hormone erythropoitin to stimulate red bone marrow to increase red cell production |
| hypoxia= | deficiency of oxygen to the cells |
| anucleate= | a mature RBC - has no nucleus |
| diapedesis= | ability to slip into and out of blood cells |
| WBCs do what | protect the body from disease, provides immunity for certain diseases |
| How many WBCs are in a mm3 of blood | 4000-11000 mm3 |
| leukocyctosis= | increase of WBCs |
| leukoopenia= | decrease in WBCs |
| leukemia = | increase in WBCs, but they are immature |
| list 3 types of granulocytes | neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils |
| neutrophils= | increases during short term acute infections |
| eosinophils= | increase during allergy attacks |
| basophils= | release histamines at the site of inflammation |
| list 2 types of agranulocytes | monocytes, lymphocytes |
| monocytes= | increase during chronic infections |
| lymphocytes= | part of the immune system |
| function in hemostasis which means | blood clotting |
| how many plalelets are in a mm3 of blood | 150000 -400000 |
| thrombocytopenia= | decrease in platelets |
| normally blood clots in | 2 -5 minutes |
| hematopoiesis= | formation of blood cells |
| where does hematopoiesis occur | flat and irregular bones |
| hemophilia= | free bleeder, disorder of inadequate production of blood clotting factors, passed from mother to males, inherited |
| pica= | craving for non-food items |
| Universal blood donor type is | o- |
| universal blood recipient type is | AB+ |
| erythroblastosis fetalis = | RH incapability of the infant (infant will need a blood transfusion) |
| hemorrhage= | excessive bleeding (internal & external) |
| where is the heart located | apex to left, behind sternum, in the middle between the lungs |
| name the receiving chambers of the heart | right and left atrium |
| name the discharging chambers of the heart | right and left ventricles |
| endocardium= | inner layer |
| myocardium= | middle layer (muscle layer) |
| epicardium= | outer layer |
| pericardium= | fiberous sac that holds the heart |
| apex= | pointed left at the bottom of the heart |
| which vessels supply the heart with oxygenated blood | coronary vessels |
| which is the largest artery in the body | aorta |
| name the parts of the conduction pathway of the heart | SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Bundle branches, Purkinje fibers |
| tachycardia= | rapid heartbeat greater than 100 BPM |
| bradycardia= | heartbeat less than 60 BPM |
| systole= | heart at work |
| diastole= | heart at rest |
| how long is a cardiac cycle | 0.8 seconds |
| what is the range of pulse rate (for adults) | 60-80 BPM |
| cardiac output= | amount of blood pumped in 1 min |
| how long is circulation time | 1 min |
| CHF= | congestive heart failure |
| arteries carry blood | away from the heart |
| veins carry blood | toward the heart |
| the sites of gas exchange are the | capillaries |
| arteries are the | thickest |
| veins are | thinner the arteries |
| capillaries are | thinnest of arteries and veins |
| what types of vessels have values and what are there purpose | veins; to prevent back flow |
| varicose veins= | abnormal large or swollen veins |
| hemorrhoid= | dilated veins in swollen tissue in the rectum |
| esophageal varices= | dilated veins in the esophagus |
| what is the longest vein in the body | saphenous |
| The umbilical cord has 2 arteries and | 1 vein |
| describe the foremen ovale | a hole in the heart between the right atrium and left atrium in the heart of the fetus |
| pulse= | expansion and recoil of an artery |
| temporal pressure point is located | side of head above the ears |
| carotid pressure point is located | in the neck |
| radial pressure point is located | wrist, thumbside |
| femoral pressure point is located | groin |
| popliteal pressure point is located | back of knee |
| pedal pressure point is located | top of the foot |
| blood pressure= | the pressure the blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels |
| essential hypertension= | hypertension with no known cause |
| HTN= | hypertension |
| korotkoff sounds= | arteriole sounds when checking BP |
| vasoconstriction= | narrowing of the blood vessels |
| what effect does vasoconstriction have on BP | increases it |
| vasodilation= | opened blood vessels |
| what effect does vasodilation have on blood pressure | decreases BP |
| ANP (or ANH)= | arterial natriuretic peptide, and its secreted by the atria of the heart |
| what is the normal BP | 90/60 to 140/90 |
| HDL= | high density lipoprotein - good cholesterol |
| LDL= | low density lipoprotein |
| HDL carries | fat away from the cells |
| LDL carries | fat to the cells |
| atherosclerosis= | build up of plaque |
| arteriosclersosis= | hardening of the arteries |
| lymph= | tissue fluid that enters the lymph capillaries |
| where are the main group of lymph nodes located | cervical(neck), axillary (armpit), inguinal (groin) |
| where are Peyer's patches located | small intestines |
| which gland is large in childern and shrinks with age | thymus |
| antigen= | foreign substance - chemical marker that identify the cells |
| antibody= | responds to foreign substances - labels foreign protein for destruction |
| AIDS | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus - target T cells |
| Types of immunity | Active, passive, genetic |
| Active immunity | requires antibodies/ natural or acquired, body actively participates |
| Passive immunity | borrowed immunity, vaccination Natural for infant for the 1st 6 months |
| Genetic immunity | does not involve antibodies, innate |
| allergen | substances that causes allergic reaction |
| where is the spleen located | left side of the abdominal cavity just below the diaphragm |
| Kehr's sign= | shoulder pain on left side due to a ruptured spleen |
| The spleen does what | removes aged RBC's |
| Is the spleen vital | no - other organs will pick up the spleens function |
| What hormones effect the venus return | ADH, Aldosterone, ANH |
| ANH is secreted from | the atrium of the heart |
Created by:
jhowe2323
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