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endocrine
corbitt A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| endocrine glands are | ductless |
| hormones = | regulatory chemical substance, travels via blood) that regulate metabolic activity in the cells |
| target cells/target organs= | tissue affected by hormone |
| What are two name for the pituitary gland | master gland & hypophysis |
| define negative feedback mechanism | main method of regulation |
| Growth hormones is secreted by | anterior pituitary gland |
| anterior pituitary gland major effects are directed | to the growth of the skeletal muscles and long bones of the body |
| anterior pituitary gland increases | the rate of cell division |
| gigantism= | excess growth hormone in children |
| acromegaly= | excess growth hormone in adults |
| Prolactin is secreted by | anterior pituitary gland |
| Prolactin stimulates and maintains the production of | milk |
| ACHT functions during stress, and regulates the renal | cortex |
| thyroid-stimulating hormones influences the | growth and activity of the thyroid gland |
| A deficiency of what leads to sterility | FSH & LH |
| FSH & LH are secreted by | anterior pituitary gland |
| What 2 hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland | ADH & oxytocin |
| ADH= | antidiuretic hormone |
| ADH conserves | water |
| Which hormone functions with a positive feedback mechanism | oxytocin |
| Another name for ADH is | vasopressin , because of its effect on blood pressure |
| How does vasopressin (ADH) affect blood pressure | increases blood pressure by causing constriction of the arterioles |
| Diabetes insipidus is due to a deficiency of | ADH |
| Where is the thyroid gland located | base of throat |
| What are the two major hormones of the thyroid gland | thyroxine (T4) & triidothyronine (T3) |
| What is necessary for the synthesis of thyroxine (T4) and triidothyronine (T3) | Iodine |
| Goiter= | thyroid enlargement often due to deficiency of iodine |
| Myxedema = | hyposecretion of the thyroid gland |
| what are the s/s of Myxedema | patient is sluggish, weight gain, dry hair and skin |
| Grave's disease= | hyperthyroidism |
| what are the s/s of Grave's disease | weight loss, agitated, irritable, Exophthalomos |
| Exophthalmos= | bulging of the eyeballs |
| Where are the parathyroid glands located | on the back of the thyroid glands |
| The parathyroid glands function in regulation of | calcium |
| tetany= | muscle spasms due to a decrease in calcium |
| Where are the adrenal glands located | on top of the kidneys |
| The adrenal cortex produces 3 major groups of steroid hormones known as | corticosteroids |
| The hormones of the adrenal cortex are | 'long term stressors' meaning they assist us through those everyday stresses |
| Mineralocorticoids= | mainly aldosterone (conserves sodium) |
| Glucocorticoids= | cortisone and cortisol |
| Cortisol has an | antiflammatory effect |
| What are the main sex hormones | estrogen and testosterone |
| Describe Addison's disease | hyposcreation of all adrenal cortex hormones |
| s/s of Addison's disease | skin turns bronze |
| Describe Cushing's syndrome | hypersecreation of Glucocorticoids |
| s/s of Cushing's syndrome | moonface, buffalo hump, facial hair, receding hair line |
| The adrenal medulla produces 2 similar hormones | epinephrine (adrenaline) and nonepinephrine (nonadrenaline). These assist with 'short term stressors", such as flight or fight |
| What properties does the pancreas have | exocrine and endocrine |
| The pancreatic islets are also know as | Islets of Langerhans |
| Islets of Langerhans have what properties | endocrine. These 2 hormones are insulin and glucagon |
| How does insulin affect the blood sugar | lowers blood sugar |
| How does glucagon affect blood sugar | raises blood sugar |
| What is the normal range of blood sugar | 70-110 mg/dl |
| Define diabetes mellitus | increases in blood sugar levels |
| List the 3 p's diabetes | polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia |
| polyuria= | excessive urine |
| polydipsia= | excessive thirst |
| polyphagia= | excessive hunger |
| FBS= | fasting blood sugar |
| RBS= | random blood sugar |
| PPBS= | post-prandial blood sugar |
| GTT= | Glucose tolerance test |
| IDDM- | insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, Type I |
| NIDDM= | non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, Type II |
| Who are the only people who have gestational diabetes? | pregnant women |
| The pineal gland is located | in the brain |
| The pineal gland responds to | light |
| The pineal gland secretes the hormone | melatonin |
| The pineal gland affects our | circadian rhythm |
| Where is the thymus gland located | posterior to the sternum and upper thorax |
| What is large in infants but decrease as we age | thymus gland |
| The thymus gland produces | T cells (the cells affected by HIV) |
| The male gonads are | the testes |
| The female gonads are the | ovaries |
| menarche= | 1st menstrual cycle |
| menopause= | the stopping of the menstrual cycle |
| androgens= | male sex hormone |
| Sexual development is influenced by the | pituitary gland, gonads, and adrenal glands |
| A temporary endocrine gland is what | the placenta; women will only have it when pregnant |
| hyperglycemia= | increased blood sugar |
| hypoglycemia= | decreased blood sugar |
| glycosuria= | sugar in urine |
Created by:
jhowe2323
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