Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Liz Blood Lecture
AP2 ST120 Lecture over the blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood | Viscous transport medium that is carried away from the heart by arteries and back to the heart by veins |
| Color of blood when it's oxygenated | Bright red |
| Color of blood when its deoxygenated | Dark red |
| Functions of blood | Suppply O2 to body, Removal CO2, Temp regulation, Water balance, Transport nutrients, Removal of wastes, Wound healing |
| Blood is made of two parts | Cells and Plasma |
| Cellular elements of blood | RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets (aka Thrombocytes) |
| Erythrocytes | RBCs. Transport O2 from the lungs to the tissues, Transport CO2 |
| Leukocytes | WBCs. Protects the body against infection and ds |
| Thrombocytes | Platelets. Important for blood coagulation, Necessary for controlling hemorrhaging |
| Plasma | Straw colored fld part of blood. 60% of total blood. Made of 92% water and rest P |
| Proteins in Plasma | Albumin, Fibrinogen, Alpha/Beta/Gamma Globulins |
| Nonproteins Nitrogens (NPNs) in Plasma | Urea, Uric acid, Creatine, Creatinine, Ammonium salts, and Amino Acids |
| Organic substances in Plasma | Glucose, Lipids, Enzymes, Amino Acids, Cholesterol, Hormones, & Clotting Factors in organic chemicals |
| Major gases in Plasma | O2 and CO2 |
| Two main types of Leucocytes | Granular and Nongranular |
| Three types of Granular Leucocytes | Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils |
| Neutrophils | Ingest and destroy bacteria through phagocytosis |
| Eosinophils | Become active in the presence of allergies and certain infections. Use phagocytosis |
| Basophils | Secrete heparin (an anticoagulant) and histamine (an inflammation stimulant and vasodilator) in R/T chronic inflammation and d healing from an infection |
| Two kinds of nongranular leukocytes | Lymphocytes and Monocytes |
| Monocytes | Use phagocytosis to ingest foreign substances to help prevent infection |
| Normal blood count for platelets | 250k - 450k per cubic mm of blood |
| How do Thrombocytes work | When a BV is damaged, platelets flow over the torn edges which stimulates the platelets to disintegrate and release various clotting agents that lead to formation of Thromboplastin, which causes coagulation. |
| How do Platelets inhibit additional blood loss from a damaged BV | Platelets also release a substance that causes vasoconstriction to decrease the amt of blood that flows through the area |
| Where do blood cells originate from | Pluripotent cells - stems cells in Red Bone Marrow |
| Two types of stems cells from Pluripotent cells | Lymphoid and Myeloid |
| Agglutinogen | Blood protein chemical molecule markers on the surface of the RBC |
| Agglutinin | Antibody. Protein present in blood Plasma. These antibodies are the opposite of what blood type the person is. Ex. Prsn with Type A blood has B antibodies. |
| Type O blood contains what antibodies | Both A and B Antibodies. That's why it's the Universal Donor |
| Type AB blood contains what antibodies | Contains no antibodies. That's why it's the Universal Recipient |
| Rh factor | A protein originally found in a Rhesus monkey |
| Rh+ | Presence of the protein in the blood, meaning there is a positive factor |
| Rh- | No present of the protein in the blood, meaning there are no factors |
| Why is it important for a pregnant woman to know if she's Rh+ or Rh- | Bc if she is Rh- and the baby is Rh+, her body could react to the protein and make antibodies that attack the baby's blood, causing anemia and possibly fetal death |
| If the mom is Rh- how can the baby be Rh+ | Inherited it from the dad |
| If the mom is Rh+ and the baby is Rh- | There will be no problem, since the body mounts an immune response only if it detects a "foreign" factor. The Rh- negative baby has no factors to trigger the mother's antibody response. |
| Hemostasis | Arrest of blood that escapes from a BV by either natural or artificial means |
| Artificial Hemostasis | In surgery, through the use of hemostatic agents or suture ligatures and use of thermal cautery or laser |
| Natural Hemostasis depends on | Certain mechanisms and on the ability of the blood to clot |
| Whole blood transfusion | Pt has lost a lg amt of blood |
| Components of Whole Blood | RBC, WBCs, Platelets, Immunoglobulins, Fresh frozen plasma |
| Reason why RBCs are used in whole-blood transfusions | Restoration of blood's ability to transport O2 |
| Reason why WBCs are used in whole-blood transfusions | Restore WBCs lost in infections |
| Reason why Platelets are used in whole-blood transfusions | Pts with blood-clotting disorders |
| Reason why Immunoglobulins are used in whole-blood transfusions | To build immunity when antibody levels are low |
| Reason why Fresh Frozen Plasma is used in whole-blood transfusions | To help with blood clotting, often transfused in pts with liver fx |
| Analogous transfusion | Pt donates their own blood for their blood transfusion during procedures |
| Blood salvage AKA Intraoperative Blood Collection | Used d an operation that is expected to involve lg blood loss. The team recovers the pt's blood and reinfuses it d surgery |
| Two methods of Blood Salvaging | Washed and Unwashed methods |
| Washed Method | Using a high-speed centrifuge to separate the blood into its components. It takes the RBCs and washes them in saline solution, pumps it into an infusion bag to return back to pt |
| Unwashed Method | Doesn't use a centrifuge. Collects blood into a filtering reservoir. After filtering, unwashed blood is transferred into a bag to return back to pt |
| Hemorrhagic Anemia | Hemorrhage C/B trauma or internal bleeding which results in anemia |
| Aplastic Anemia | Lack of production of RBCs |
| Pernicious Anemia | C/B lack of intrinsic factor secreted by the stomach. The intrinsic factor is important for Vit B12 absorption in the small intestines. |
| Polycythemia | Clonal stem cell disorder that results in the abnormal increase in the number of circulating RBCs (I.E. too many RBCs makes the blood thick) |
Created by:
elizabeth-mcw
Popular Anatomy sets