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Stack #119209
SGU Innervations, Actions, Insertions, Origins of Muscles so far
| Muscle | Nerve | Action | Origin | Insertion | Blood Supply |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trapezius | Spinal Accessory(XI) | 1.elevates scapula 2.upward rotation of the scapula (upper fibers) 3.downward rotation of the scapula (lower fibers) 4.retracts scapula | 1.external occipital protuberance 2.along the medial sides of the superior nuchal line 3.ligamentum nuchae (surrounding the cervical spinous processes) 4.spinous processes of C1-T12 | 1.posterior, lateral 1/3 of clavicle 2.acromion 3.superior spine of scapula | Transverse Cervical Artery |
| Latissimus dorsi | Thoracodorsal | 1.adduction of humerus 2.medial rotation of the humerus 3.extension from flexed position 4.downward rotation of the scapula | 1.spinous process of T7-L5 2.upper 2-3 sacral segments 3.iliac crest 4.lower 3 or 4 Ribs | lateral lip of the intertubercular groove | Thoracodorsal Artery |
| Subclavius | Nerve to Subclavius(C5,6) | assists in stabilizing the clavicle | first rib about the junction of bone and cartilage | lower surface of clavicle | Clavicular Branch of Thoracoacromial Artery |
| Pectoralis major | Medial and Lateral Pectoral Nerves(C5,6,7,8,T1) | 1.adducts humerus 2.medially rotates humerus 3.flexion of the arm from extension (clavicular portion) | 1.medial 1/3 of clavicle 2.anterior aspect of manubrium & length of body of sternum 3.cartilaginous attachments of upper 6 ribs 4.external oblique's aponeurosis | 1.lateral lip of bicipital groove to the crest of the greater tubercle 2.clavicular fibers insert more distally; sternal fibers more proximally | 1.Pectoralis Branch of Thoracoacromial Artery 2.Lateral Thoracic Artery |
| Pectoralis minor | Medial Pectoral Nerve(C8,T1)with some fibers from lateral pectoral nerve | 1.depresses & downwardly rotates the scapula 2.assists in scapular protraction from a retracted position 3.stabilizes the scapula | Outer surface of ribs 2-5 or 3-5 or 6 | Medial aspect of coracoid process of the scapula | Lateral Thoracic Artery |
| Levator scapulae | Dorsal Scapular Nerve(C5) and C3,4 | 1.elevates the scapula 2.extends and/or laterally flexes the head | Transverse processes of C1-C3 or C4 | Superior angle of scapula toward the scapular spine | Transverse cervical artery |
| Rhomboid minor | Dorsal Scapular Nerve(C5,C4) | Retracts(Adducts)scapula | 1.spinous process of C7 & T1 2.ligamentum nuchae 3.supraspinous ligament | Medial margin of the scapula at the medial angle | 1.deep branch of transverse cervical artery, OR 2.dorsal scapular artery |
| Rhomboid major | Dorsal Scapular Nerve(C5) | Retracts(Adducts) scapula | 1.spinous processes of T2-T5 2.supraspinous ligament | Medial scapula from the scapular spine to the inferior angle | 1.deep branch of transverse cervical artery, OR 2.dorsal scapular artery |
| Serratus anterior | Long Thoracic Nerve(C5,6,7) | 1.protract scapula 2.stabilize scapula 3.assists in upward rotation | Outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs | Costal aspect of medial margin of the scapula | 1.lateral thoracic artery supplies the upper part 2.thoracodorsal artery supplies the lower part |
| Deltoid | Axillary Nerve(C5,6) | 1.abducts arm 2.flexion and medial rotation (anterior portion) 3.extension and lateral rotation (Post. Portion) | 1.lateral, anterior 1/3 of distal clavicle 2.lateral boarder of the acromion 3.scapular spine | Deltoid tuberosity of humerus | 1.posterior humeral circumflex artery 2.deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery |
| Supraspinatus | Suprascapular Nerve(C5,6) | 1.abduction of arm (first 15-20°) 2.stabilizes glenohumeral joint | 1.supraspinous fossa 2.muscle fascia | Uppermost of three facets of the greater tubercle of humerus | Suprascapular artery (poorly supplied) |
| Splenius capitus | Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves(C3-T3(4)) | 1.bilateral contraction: extend head & neck 2.unilateral contraction: rotate and laterally bend head & neck to the contracted (same) side | 1.lower portion of ligamentum nuchae 2.spinous processes of C3-T3(4) | 1.superior nuchal line 2.mastoid process of temporal bone | Muscular branches of the aorta |
| Splenius cervicis | Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves(T3-T6) | 1.bilateral contraction: extend head & neck 2.unilateral contraction: rotate and laterally bend head & neck to the contracted (same) side | Spinous process of T3-T6 | Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2-C4 | Dorsal rami of spinal nerves |
| Iliocostalis lumborum,thoracis,cervicis | Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves | 1.bilateral: a.extension of vertebral column b.maintenance of erect posture c.stabilization of vert. column during flexion 2.unilateral: a.lateral bend to same side b.rotation to same side c.stabilization | Cervices: Transverse processes of T1-T5(6) Capitis: 1.transverse and articular processes of middle and lower cervical vertebrae 2.transverse processes of upper thoracic vertebrae Thoracis: 1.sacrum 2.iliac crest 3.spinous proc.of lower T/Most L | Cervices: transverse processes of C2-C6 Capitis: Post. aspect of mastoid process of temporal bone Thoracis: Spinous processes T3(4)-T8(9) | Muscular branches of the aorta |
| Longissimus thoracis,cervicis,capitis | Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves | 1.bilateral: a.extension of vertebral column b.maintenance of erect posture c.stabilization of vert. column during flexion 2.unilateral: a.lateral bend to same side b.rotation to same side c.stabilization | Cervices: Transverse processes of T1-T5(6) Capitis: 1.transverse and articular processes of middle and lower C vert. 2.transverse processes of upper T vert. Thoracis:1.sacrum 2.iliac crest 3.spinous proc. of lower T & most L vert | Cervices:Transverse processes of C2-C6 Capitis:Post. aspect of mastoid process of temporal bone Thoracis:1.transverse processes of all T and upper L vert. 2.all ribs between tubercles and angles | Muscular Branches of Aorta |
| Spinalis thoracis,cervicis,capitis | Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves | 1.bilateral: a.extension of vertebral column b.maintenance of erect posture c.stabilization of vert. column during flexion 2.unilateral: a.lateral bend to same side b.rotation to same side c.stabilization | Cervices:spinous processes of C6-T2 Capitis:spinous processes of lower C & upper T vert. Thoracis:1.sacrum 2.iliac crest 3.spinous proc. of lower T & most L vert | Cervices:Spinous processes of C2(PossiblyC3-4) Capitis:Between superior & inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone Thoracis:Spinous processes T3(4)-T8(9) | Muscular branches of the aorta |
| Semisplinalis thoracis,cervicis,capitis | Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves | 1.bilaterally extends vertebral column, especially head and neck 2.controls lateral flexion to side opposite contraction (eccentric for stability) 3.maintains head posture | Cervices:Transverse processes of T1-T6 vertebrae and can go down to lower thoracic Capitis:Between superior & inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone Thoracis:Transverse processes of T6-T12 vertebrae | Cervices:Spinous processes of C2-T5(6) Capitis:1.transverse processes of T1-T6 2.articular processes of C4-C7 Thoracis:Spinous processes of upper T & lower C vertebrae | Muscular branches of the aorta |
| Multifidus | Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves | 1.bilaterally extends vertebral column 2.controls lateral flexion to side opposite contraction (eccentric for stability) 3.unilaterally rotate vertebral bodies (column) to opposite side | cervical region:articular processes of lower C vert. thoracic:transverse processes of all T vert. lumbar: 1.lower portion of dorsal sacrum 2.PSIS 3.deep surface of tendenous origin of erector spinae 4.Mamillary processes of L vert. | Spinous process of all vertebrae extending from L5 - C2 (skipping 1-3 segments) | Muscular branches of the aorta |
| Rotators (Long,Short) | Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves | 1.rotate to opposite side 2.bilateral extension | Transverse process of one vertebra | Skips one vertebra to insert on the base of spinous process of vertebra above | Muscular branches of the aorta |
| Interspinalis | Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves | Extension of the vertebrae segments | Spinous processes of each vertebra | To the spinous process of vertebra immediately above | Muscular branches of the aorta |
| Coracobrachialis | Musculocutaneous Nerve(C5,6,7) | 1.flexes the humerus 2.assists to adduct the humerus | Coracoid process of the scapula | Medial shaft of the humerus at about its middle | Muscular branches of the brachial artery |
| Biceps brachii | Musculocutaneous Nerve(C5,6) | 1.flexes the forearm at the elbow (when supinated) 2.supinates forearm from neutral 3.stabilizes anterior aspect of shoulder 4.flexes shoulder (weak if at all) | 1.long head- supraglenoid tubercle and glenohumeral labrum 2.short head- tip of the coracoid process of the scapula | 1.radial tuberosity 2.bicipital aponeurosis | Muscular branches of brachial artery |
| Brachialis | Musculocutaneous Nerve(C5,6) | elbow flexion (major mover) | 1.lower 1/2 of anterior humerus 2.both intermuscular septa | 1.ulnar tuberosity 2.coronoid process of ulna slightly | 1.muscular branches of brachial artery 2.radial recurrent artery |
| Triceps brachii | Radial Nerve(C6,7) | 1.long - adducts the arm, extends at the shoulder, and a little elbow flexion 2.lateral - extends the forearm at the elbow 3.medial - extends the forearm at the elbow | 1.long head- infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula 2.lateral head- upper half of the post. surface of the shaft of the humerus, and the upper part of the lateral intermuscular septum 3.medial head- post. shaft of humerus, distal to radial groove | 1.post. surface of the olecranon process of the ulna 2.deep fascia of the antebrachium | 1.muscular branches of the brachial artery 2.superior ulnar collateral artery 3.profunda brachii artery |
| Anconeus | Radial Nerve(C7,8) | 1.extends the forearm at the elbow 2.supports the elbow when in full extension | Posterior surface of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus | Lateral aspect of olecranon extending to the lateral part of ulnar | Middle collateral artery from the profunda brachii artery |
| Pronator teres | Median Nerve(C6,7) | 1.pronates forearm (during rapid or forced pronation) 2.weakly flexes the elbow | 1.humeral head: a.upper portion of medial epicondyle via the CFT (common flexor tendon) b.medial brachial intermuscular septum 2.ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna 3.antebrachial fascia | Lateral aspect of radius at the middle of the shaft (pronator tuberosity) | 1.muscular branches of ulnar artery 2.muscular branches of radial artery |
| Flexor carpi radialis | Median Nerve(C6,7) | 1.flexes the hand at the wrist 2.radially deviates the wrist 3.may assist to pronate the forearm | 1.medial epicondyle via the CFT (common flexor tendon) 2.antebrachial fascia | Base of the 2nd and sometimes 3rd metacarpals | Muscular branches of radial artery |
| Palmaris longus | Median Nerve(C6,7) | Flexes the hand at the wrist | 1.medial epicondyle via the CFT (common flexor tendon) 2.antebrachial fascia | 1.central portion of the flexor retinaculum 2.superficial portion of the palmar aponeurosis | Muscular branches of ulnar artery |
| Flexor carpi ulnaris | Ulnar Nerve(C8,T1) | 1.flexes the hand at the wrist 2.ulnarly deviates the wrist 3.stabilizes wrist to permit powerful thumbmotion | 1.humeral head - medial epicondyle via the CFT (common flexor tendon) 2.ulnar head: a.medial aspect of olecranon b.proximal 3/5 of dorsal ulnar shaft c.antebrachial fascia | 1.pisiform & hamate bones (via the pisohamate ligament) 2.base of the 5th metacarpal (via the pisometacarpal ligament) | Muscular branches of ulnar artery |
| Flexor digitorum superficialis | Median Nerve(C7,8,T1) | 1.flexes the proximal and middle phalanges 2.flexes the wrist if fingers are extended | 1.humeral-ulnar head: a.medial epicondyle via the CFT(common flexor tendon) b.medial boarder of base of coronoid process of ulna c.medial (ulnar) collateral ligament d.antebrachial fascia 2.radial head: Radius upper anterior border | Both sides of the base of each middle phalanx of the 4 fingers | 1.muscular branches of ulnar artery 2.muscular branches of radial artery |
| Flexor digitorum profundis | Ulnar Nerve(C8,T1) & Anterior Interosseous branch of Median Nerve(C8,T1) | 1.flexes the distal IP joints and in so doing flexes the proximal and middle IP joints 2.flexes the wrist if fingers are extended | 1.anterior & medial surface of upper 3/4 ulna 2.adjacent interosseous membrane | Distal phalanx of medial 4 digits (through FDS tunnel) | 1.muscular branches of the ulnar artery 2.muscular branches of the radial artery 3.anterior interosseous artery (from ulnar artery) |
| Flexor pollicis longus | Anterior Interosseous branch of Median Nerve(C8,T1) | 1.flexes the distal phalanx of the thumb (IP joint) 2.flexes the other joints to the wrist (McP, CMc and weakly at the wrist) | 1.middle anterior surface of the radius 2.interosseous membrane 3.(may also originate from lateral boarder of coronoid process 4.or medial epicondyle) | Palmar aspect of base of the distal phalanx of thumb (deep to flexor retinaculum) | 1.muscular branches of radial artery 2.anterior interosseous artery |
| Pronator quadratus | Anterior Interosseous branch of Median Nerve(C8,T1) | Pronates the forearm and hand | Distal 1/4 anteriomedial surface of ulna | Distal 1/4 anteriolateral surface of radius | 1.anterior interosseous artery 2.muscular branches of the radial artery |
| Brachioradialis | Radial Nerve(C5,6) or Deep Branch of Radial Nerve | 1.flexes the forearm at the elbow 2.pronates the forearm when supinated 3.supinates the forearm when pronated | 1.upper lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus (between the triceps and brachialis muscles) 2.lateral intermuscular septum of humerus | 1.superior aspect of styloid process of radius 2.lateral side of the distal 1/2 to 1/3 of the radius 3.antebrachial fascia | Radial recurrent artery |
| Extensor carpi radialis longus | Radial Nerve(C5,6) or Deep Branch of Radial Nerve | 1.extends the hand at the wrist 2.radially deviates the hand at the wrist | 1.lateral epicondyle via the CET (common extensor tendon) 2.radial collateral ligament 3.antebrachial fascia | Base of 3rd metacarpal | Radial recurrent artery |
| Extensor carpi radialis brevis | Deep Branch of Radial Nerve(C6,7) | 1.extends the hand at the wrist 2.radially deviates the hand at the wrist | 1.lateral epicondyle via the CET (common extensor tendon) 2.radial collateral ligament 3.antebrachial fascia | Base of 3rd metacarpal | Radial recurrent artery |
| Extensor digitorum | Posterior interosseous nerve of the Radial Nerve(C6,7,8) | 1.extends the four medial digits 2.extends the wrist if fingers flexed 3.abducts the digits (spreads the digits as it extends them) | 1.lateral epicondyle via the CET (common extensor tendon) 2.antebrachial fascia | 1.base of middle phalanx of each of the four fingers (central band) 2.base of distal phalanx of each of the four fingers (2 lateral bands) | Posterior interosseous artery |
| Extensor digiti minimi | Posterior interosseous nerve of the Radial Nerve(C6,7,8) | 1.extends the 5th digit 2.abducts the 5th digit | 1.lateral epicondyl via the CET (common extensor tendon) 2.antebrachial fascia 3.ulnar aspect of extensor digitorum | 1.base of middle phalanx of the 5th digit (central band) 2.base of distal phalanx of the 5th digit (2 lateral bands) | Posterior interosseous artery |
| Extensor carpi ulnaris | Posterior interosseous nerve of the Radial Nerve(C6,7,8) | 1.extends the hand at the wrist 2.ulnarly deviates the hand at the wrist | 1.1st head - lateral epicondyle via the CET (common extensor tendon) 2.2nd head - posterior body of ulna 3.antebrachial fascia | Medial side of base of the 5th metacarpal | Posterior interosseous artery |
| Supinator | Deep branch of Radial Nerve(C6) | Supinates the forearm | 1.lateral epicondyle of humerus 2.supinator crest of ulna 3.radial collateral ligament 4.annular ligament 5.antebrachial fascia | Proximal portion of anteriorlateral surface of the radius | Radial recurrent artery |
| Abductor pollicis longus | Posterior interosseous nerve of the Radial Nerve(C6,7,8) | 1.abducts the 1st metacarpal 2.assists to extend & rotate the thumb 3.radially deviates the hand at the wrist 4.flexes the hand at the wrist | 1.posterior surfaces of ulna and radius 2.interosseous membrane 3.antebrachial fascia | Lateral aspect of base of 1st metacarpal | Posterior interosseous artery |
| Extensor pollicis brevis | Posterior interosseous nerve of the Radial Nerve(C6,7,8) | 1.extends the proximal phalanx and 1st metacarpal of the thumb 2.radially deviates the hand at the wrist | 1.posterior surfaces of radius (below abductor pollicis longus) 2.interosseous membrane 3.antebrachial fascia | Base of proximal phalanx of thumb (often a slip inserts into extensor pollicis longus tendon) | Posterior interosseous artery |
| Extensor pollicis longus | Posterior interosseous nerve of the Radial Nerve(C6,7,8) | 1.Extends distal phalanx of thumb 2.Extends proximal phalanx of thumb 3.Assists to extend the hand at the wrist (if fingers flexed) | 1.posterior surface of ulna 2.interosseous membrane 3.antebrachial fascia | Distal phalanx of thumb | Posterior interosseous artery |
| Extensor indicis | Posterior interosseous nerve of the Radial Nerve(C6,7,8) | 1.extends the 2nd digit (McP & IP joints) 2.adducts the 2nd digit 3.assists to extend the hand at the wrist 4.stabilizes McP joint for flexion of IP solely | 1.posterior surface of ulna (distal to extensor pollicis longus) 2.interosseous membrane 3.antebrachial fascia | Base of middle and distal phalanx of the index finger | Posterior interosseous artery |
| Abductor pollicis brevis | Recurrent branch of Median Nerve(C8,T1) | 1.abducts thumb (at the McP joint) 2.participates to flex the thumb (at the McP joint) 3.if attached to extensor pollicis longus, it might assist to extend the thumb | 1.distal border of flexor retinaculum 2.trapezium (may be variable) | 1.lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb 2.may also send a slip to the tendon of extensor pollicis longus | Superficial palmar branches of radial artery |
| Flexor pollicis brevis | Superficial Head(Recurrent Branch of Median Nerve)/ Deep Head (Deep branch of ulnar nerve)(C8,T1) | Powerfully flexes the thumb (at the McP joint) | 1.superficial head: a.distal border of flexor retinaculum b.trapezium 2.deep head: a.floor of carpal tunnel b.indirectly to scaphoid & trapezium | 1.base of proximal phalanx of thumb 2.can also attach to the lateral sesamoid bone at the McP joint | Superficial palmar branches of radial artery |
| Opponens pollicis | Recurrent branch of Median Nerve(C8,T1) | Opposes the thumb to the fingers | 1.distal border of flexor retinaculum 2.trapezium | Lateral aspect of the 1st metacarpal | Superficial palmar branches of radial artery |
| Adductor pollicis | Deep branch of Ulner Nerve(C8,T1) | 1.Adducts the thumb 2.May assist to flex the thumb (at the McP joint) | 1.transverse head: 3rd metacarpal 2.oblique head: a.base of 1st, 2nd and 3rd metacarpals b.floor of carpal tunnel | 1.medial aspect of the base of proximal phalanx 2.medial sesamoid at McP | Superficial palmar branches of radial artery |
| Palmaris brevis | Superficial branch of Ulnar Nerve(C8,T1) | Tenses the skin on the ulnar side, which is used in a grip action | Margin of palmar aponeurosis | 1.skin of ulnar border of palm 2.may insert on the pissiform | Superficial palmar branches of ulnar artery |
| Abductor digiti minimi | Deep branch of the Ulnar Nerve(C8,T1) | 1.abduct 5th digit (requires pisiform stabilized by FCU) 2.assists to flex the 5th digit (at McP) 3.may assist in extension of 5th digit (at IP due to slips to extensor digitorum) | Pisiform & tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris | 1.medial aspect of the base of proximal phalanx of the 5th digit 2.may send a slip to the ulnar side of the dorsal expansion | Deep palmar branches of ulnar artery |
| Flexor digiti minimi brevis | Deep Branch of the Ulnar Nerve(C8,T1) | Flexes the 5th digit (at the McP joint) | 1.distal border of flexor retinaculum 2.hook of the hamate | Medial aspect of the base of proximal phalanx | Deep palmar branches of ulnar artery |
| Opponens digiti minimi | Deep Branch of the Ulnar Nerve(C8,T1) | 1.opposes the 5th digit with the thumb 2.assists to "cup" the palm | 1.distal border of flexor retinaculum 2.hook of the hamate | Medial aspect of the 5th metacarpal | Deep palmar branches of ulnar artery |
| Palmar interossi | Deep Branch of the Ulnar Nerve(C8,T1) | 1.adducts the fingers (hint: PAD) 2.flexes the fingers (at the McP while IP joints are extended) | From the side of the metacarpal that faces the midline - to adduct them | 1.on the base of the proximal phalanx of the digit of origin (same side toward the midline) 2.extensor hood of the same digit(s) | Palmar metacarpal artery of deep palmar arch |
| Dorsal interossei | Deep Branch of the Ulnar Nerve(C8,T1) | 1.abducts the fingers (hint: DAB) 2.flexes the fingers (at the McP while IP joints are extended) | Between each metacarpal | 1.directly distal to the origin on the base of the proximal phalanx closest to the midline (to abduct them.) 2.extensor hood of the same digit(s) | Palmar metacarpal artery of deep palmar arch |
| Lumbricals | Median Nerve(C8,T1) Deep Branch of Ulnar Nerve(C8,T1) | 1.flexes the fingers (at the McP joints) 2.extend IPs | 1.tendon of flexor digitorum profundus 2.1 & 2 have a single head of origin (from radial aspect of tendon) 3.3 & 4 have two heads of origin (each head from an adjacent tendon) | Extensor hood of digits 2-5 | Palmar metacarpal arteryof deep palmar arch |
| Infraspinatus | Suprascapular Nerve(C5,6) | 1.external rotation of the humerus 2.stabilizes the glenohumeral joint | 1.infraspinous fossa 2.muscle fascia | Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus | 1.suprascapular artery 2.scapular circumflex artery |
| Teres minor | Axillary Nerve(C5,6) | 1.lateral rotation of the humerus 2.stabilizes the glenohumeral joint | Middle half of the scapula’s lateral margin | Lowest of three facets of the greater tubercle of humerus | Scapular circumflex artery |
| Teres major | Lower Subscapular Nerve(C5,6) | 1.assists in adduction of arm 2.assists in medial rotation of arm 3.assists in extension from an flexed position | Inferior, lateral margin of the scapula | Crest of lesser tubercle (just medial to the insertion of latissimus dorsi) | Thoracodorsal artery |
| Subscapularis | Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerves(C5,6) | 1.medial rotation of the humerus 2.stabilizes the glenohumeral joint | Subscapular fossa | Lesser tubercle of humerus | Branches of subscapular artery |
Created by:
BrentRoberts
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