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Path 9 Environmental
Path
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| leading global cause of morbidity and premature death | Undernutrition |
| 70% of all child deaths are attributed to only 5 conditions | pneumonia, diarrheals, malaria, measles, perinatal/neonatal problems |
| leading cause of death in developed countries | Ischemic heart and cerebrovasc diseases |
| cherry-red color of skin from high levels of carboxyhemoglobin | CO poisoning |
| Causes brain damage (children)and periph n. demyelination (wrist/foot drop in adults) d/t inhibit neurotransmitters, interferes w normal fracture healing and cartilage remodeling, microcytic/hypochromic anemia (suppress heme synth) | Lead |
| GI, cardio, and CNS probs due to interference w/ mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (replace the phosphates in ATP). Also, skin tumors on palms and soles | Arsenic |
| obstructive lung disease due to necrosis of alveolar macrophages, and kidney damage (tubular damage that may progress to end-stage) | Cadmium |
| most preventable cause of human death | Smoking |
| exposure to vinyl chloride leads to ... | hepatic angiosarcoma |
| thiamine deficiency -> | periph neuropathies and Wernicke-Korsakoff synd (chronic alcoholics) |
| microcephaly, growth retardation, facial abnormalities, and reduced mental func | FAS |
| increases risk of Breast CA and venous thromboembolism, but also has protective effect on development of atherosclerosis and coronary disease in women under age 60 | HRT |
| associated with throboembolism and hepatic adenoma, increased risk of MI, reduced risk of endometrial and ovarian CA | Oral Contraceptives |
| inhibits production and release of LH and FSH, and increases amount of estrogens stunted growth, acne, gynecomastia, testicular atrophy (males) and facial hair, menstrual changes (women) | testosterone in anabolic steroids |
| unconj NAPQI accum->hepatocell injury->centrilobular necrosis and liver fail | Acetaminophen Toxicity - Tx w N-acetylcysteine w/in 12 hrs |
| alkalosis via stimulation of the resp center in medulla, followed by metabolic acidosis and accumulation of pyruvate and lactate, caused by uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and inhibition of Krebs cycle | Acute aspirin OD |
| manifests as headaches, dizzy, tinnitus, confusion, drowsy, nausea/vomit/diarrhea | Chronic aspirin OD |
| sympathomimetic. block dopamine(CNS), epi/norepi(nerve endings) reuptake, w presynap norepi release->excess stim (tachy, HTN, periph vasoconstrict(MI)) | Cocaine |
| can cause SUDDEN DEATH from resp depression, arrhythmia/cardiac arrest, and severe pulm edema | Heroin |
| acts by releasing dopamine in the brain, which inhibits presynaptic neurotransmission at corticostriatal synapses->slows glutamate release. euphoria to crash, long term: violent, paranoid, hallucinations | Meth |
| causes an increase in serotonin release in CNS, coupled w/ interference in serotonin synth->reduced serotonin | MDMA (ecstasy) |
| Burn sites are ideal for growth of | P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Candida |
| white or charred, dry, anesthetic (due to destroyed nerve endings) | Full thickness burns |
| pink with blisters and painful | Partial thickness burns |
| affects somatic compartment of proteins in skeletal muscle | Marasmus |
| protein deprivation is greater than reduction in total cal, affects the visceral compartment of proteins in organs (liver), hypoalbuminemia->edema, flaky paint skin, loss of hair color, enlarged fatty liver | Kwashiorkor |
| severe weight loss, fatigue, muscle atrophy, anemia, anorexia, edema from cancer | Cachexia |
| Highest death rate of any psych disorder | Anorexia - Bulimia is more common |
| From liver, fish, eggs, milk (preformed), carrots, squash, spinach. maintains vision, orderly differentiation of mucus epithel, also used for skin disorders (psoriasis). Def->Bitot spots, corneal ulcer, keratomalacia, xerophthalmia in eye | Vit A |
| maintain Ca and P levels for metab func, bone mineralization, neuromusc transmit. Def->Rickets (kids), Osteomalacia (adults). Tox->calcification of soft tissue (kids), bone pain/hypercalc (adults) | Vit D |
| Def->scurvy=bone disease(kids), hemorrhages and healing defects. also fights free radicals. | Vit C |
Created by:
Jakphooey
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