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pharm ch 15
Phamacology Neurological Drugs chapter 15
Question | Answer |
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When groups of neurons (nerve cells in the brain) spontaneously begin to send out electrical impulses in an abnormal, uncontrolled (electrical storm) way it is called | epilepsy. |
Grand mal seizures are characterized by: | 1. LOC (loss of consciousness). 2. Violent rapid contraction and relaxation of the muscles (tonic-clonic seizures). 3. Tongue biting. 4. Incontinence (loss of bowel and/or bladder control). |
Petit mal seizures are characterized by: | 1. Disorientation. 2. Twitching (facial). |
Petit mal seizures are AKA | absence seizures |
Absence seizures are more common in | children. |
Narcolepsy is a type of absence seizure characterized by an | unexpected sudden LOC. |
A warning sign or symptom of an impending seizure is called an | aura (sensory disturbances). |
The period of time just after a seizure when the victim is confused is called the | postictal period (5-30 minutes). |
Medications used to treat seizures are called | antiseizure medications or antiepileptics or anticonvulsants. AAA |
Antiseizure medications include: | 1. Dilantin AKA phenytoin. 2. Luminal AKA phenobarbital (“phenobarb”). 3. Lamictal. 4. Keppra. 5. Topamax. |
Use of Topamax during pregnancy (gestation) has been linked to birth defects such as | cleft labia and/or palate. |
Extreme seizure activity is called | status epilepticus. |
A medication used to treat status epilepticus is | Diastat AKA diazepam. |
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by (extreme dementia) | an irreversible and progressive loss of neurons in the cerebral cortex. |
Manifestations include progressive difficulty with | memory, judgment, and reasoning AKA dementia. |
Drugs to treat AD(Alzheimer's disease) include: | 1. Aricept. 2. Exelon. 3. Namenda. |
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by: | 1. Shaking tremors. 2. Muscle rigidity. 3. Bradykinesia (slowness of movement). 4. Mask-like facial expression. 5. Drooling. 6. Shuffling gait progressing to a loss of ability to ambulate. |
PD (Parkinson's disease) is caused by a deficiency of a neurotransmitter in the brain called | dopamine. |
Drugs to treat PD (Parkinson's disease) include: | 1. Duodopa or Parcopa or Sinemet AKA carbidopa + levodopa. 2. Requip. 3. Mirapex. |
Mirapex is also used to treat | restless leg syndrome (RLS). |
Medications used to treat insomnia are called | hypnotics. |
Hypnotics include: | 1. Ambien. 2. Lunesta. 3. Rozerem. 4. Restoril AKA temazepam. 5. Dalmane AKA flurazepam. |
OTC hypnotics include: | 1. Nytol. 2. Sominex. |
These OTC hypnotics contain | Benadryl AKA diphenhydramine. |
Benadryl (diphenhydramine) is also classified as an | antihistamine. |
A common side effect of antihistamines is | drowsiness. |