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Musculoskeletal
Reverse defs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sinus | A bone cavity |
| osteoma | A bone tunour |
| fascicle | A bundle of muscle fibres |
| osteoblast | A cell in the bone marrow that produces bone |
| osteoclast | A cell in the bone marrow that reabsorbs bone |
| periosteum | A dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the bone and contains blood vessels, lymphs and nerves |
| spina bifida | A genetic disorder that results in malformation of the spine due to imperfect joining of vertebrae |
| tuberosity | A large, rounded elevation from the surface of a bone |
| sternocleidomastoid | A muscle of the chest arising from the sternum and inner part of the clavicle |
| condyle | A rounded process at the end of a bone that forms an articultation |
| ribs | A series of twelve pair of curved bones attached to the vertebral column which provides protection for internal organs |
| tubercle | A small, rounded elevation from the surface of the bone |
| tendon | A strap composed of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone |
| crest | A type of bone process that has a large ridge shape |
| trochanter | A very large bony protection |
| lordosis | Abnormal inward curvature of the spine |
| Scoliosis | Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| irregular bones | All other bones that cannot be grouped under other headings |
| kyphosis | An exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae |
| foramen | An opening in the bone for passage of blood vessels and nerves |
| appendage | Any body part attached to the main structure |
| spondylolisthesis | Any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebrae from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it |
| casting | Application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or other material to a body part to immobilize it during the healing porcess |
| splinting | Application of an orthopedic device to an injured body part for immobilization, stabilization, and protection during the healing process |
| ligament | Band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone |
| pelvis | Basin-shaped structure that supports the sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder and other soft organs of the abdominopelvic cavity |
| osteoporosis | Bone pores or cavities resulting from a decrease in bone density |
| short bones | Bones that are as wide as they are long |
| osteophyte | Boney outgrowth that occasionally developes on the vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord also called bone spur |
| sternum | Breast bone/chest plate |
| syndactylism | Condition of fingers and toes being joined together |
| talipes equinovarus | Congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called clubfoot |
| appendicular skeleton | Consists of bones of the shoulders, hips, upper and lower extremeties |
| axial skeleton | Consists of the bones of the skull, thorax and vertebral column |
| musculoskeletal system | Consists of the bones, joints, and muscles, which provide the body with support, protection and the ability to move |
| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) | Decrease pain and suppress inflammation |
| flexion | Decreases the angle of a joint |
| spondylosis | Degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues |
| crepitation | Dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indication a fracture of joint destruction |
| hemarthrosis | Effusion of blood into a joint cavity |
| dorsiflexion | Elevates the foot |
| sequestrectomy | Excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone) |
| synovectomy | Excision of a synovial membrane |
| bursectomy | Excision of bursa (pad like sac or cavity found in conncective tissue, usually in the vicinity of joints) |
| metacarpectomy | Excision of the bones of the hand |
| laminectomy | Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebrae |
| contracture | Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint |
| podiatry | Foot treatment |
| rickets | Form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis |
| long bones | Found in the extremeties of the body |
| bone marrow | Found within larger bones; responsible for the production of blood cells |
| sequestrum | Fragmrnt of necrosed bone that has become separated from the surrouonding tissue |
| arthrodesis | Fusion/stabalization or binding of a joint |
| compact bone | Hard, outer layer of bone |
| myelocele | Hernia of the spinal cord |
| computed tomography | Imaging technique that uses an x-ray beam and a computer to make a series of cross-sectional images of a body part, which together make up a three-dimensional view of the area scanned; formerly called computerized axial tomography |
| synarthrosis | Immovable joints |
| bone grafting | Implanting or transplanting bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as a replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue |
| exacerbation | Increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms |
| extension | Increases the angle of a joint |
| arthritis | Inflammation of the joints |
| claudication | Lameness, limping |
| cruciate ligaments | Ligaments that cross each other forming an X within the notch between the femoral condyles |
| hypotonia | Loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching |
| plantar flexion | Lowers the foot (points the toes) |
| Pelvimetry | Measurement of the pelvis |
| rotation | Moves a bone around its own axis |
| abduction | Moves away from the midline |
| inversion | Moves the sole of the foot inward |
| eversion | Moves the sole of the foot outward |
| fissure | Narrow, slit-like opening |
| scintigraphy | Nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide |
| meatus | Opening or passage into a bone |
| carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) | Painful conditon resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel |
| paraplegia | Paralysis of lower spine, lower portion of the truck and both legs |
| quadriplegia | Paralysis of the upper spine and all four extremities |
| amputation | Partial or complete removal of an extremity due to tauma or circulatory disease |
| phantom limb | Perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists |
| phalangeal | Pertaining to the bones of the fingers and toes |
| femorotibial | Pertaining to the femur and the tibia |
| articular | Pertaining to the rounded end of a bone |
| carpal | Pertaining to the wrist |
| substernal | Pertaining to under the sternum |
| articulation | Place of union between two or more bones; also called a joint |
| multiple myeloma | Primary malignant tumour that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow |
| bones | Principle organs of support and protection in the body |
| reduction | Procedure that restores a bone it its normal position |
| hematopoiesis | Production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow |
| flat bones | Provide a broad surface for muscular attachment and protection for internal organs |
| arthrocentesis | Puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid |
| bone density test (BDT) | Radiographic procedures that use low-energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density |
| head | Prominent, rounded, articulating end of a bone |
| lumbosacral spinal radiography | Radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of the lower spine |
| myelography | Radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumours, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks or other lesions |
| discography | Radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures by injecting a contrast medium |
| open reduction | Reduction procedure that treats bone fractures by placing the bones in their proper position using surgery |
| closed reduction | Reduction procedure where fractured bones are realigned by manipulation rather than surgery |
| muscle tissue | REfers to all of the contractile tissue of the bodys two main types are voluntary and involuntary |
| salicylates | Relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation |
| skeletal muscle relaxants | Relieve muscle spasms and stiffness |
| prosthesis | Replacement of a missing part by an artificial subsitute, such as an artificial extremity |
| bone revision surgery | Revision surgery are often required to correct bone infection, misalignments of bones, broken prosthesis and fractures of the bone around the protheses |
| intervertebral disks | Round structure with gelatinous mass in the center that separates the vertebrae |
| foramen | Rounded opening through bone to accommodate blood vessels and nerves |
| condyle of the humerus | Rounded, articulating knob |
| bone scintigraphy | Scintigraphy procedure in which radionuclide is injected intravenously and taken up into the bone |
| arthrography | Series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity, especially the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint |
| cancellous | Spongy or porous structure, as found at the ends of long bones |
| torticollis | Stiff neck caused by spasmotic contraction of the neck muscle |
| ankylosis | Stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery or abnormal bone fusion |
| muscles | Structures that contract providing movement of the bone |
| revision surgery | Surgery repeated to correct problems of a previously unsuccessful surgery or to replace a worn out prosthesis |
| arthroclasia | Surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to to provide movement |
| patellapexy | Surgical fixation of the kneecap |
| Total hip replacement | Surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis |
| sprain | Tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate or complete |
| voluntary | That which is done with control. Usually a striated muscle such as the biceps |
| involuntary | That which occurs with no discrtionary control. Usually a visceral muscle |
| fracture | The breakage of a bone due to trauma or disease |
| thorax | The chest area |
| epiphysis | The end or extremity of the bone |
| atlas | The first cervical vertebra which supports the skull |
| sacrum | The five sacral vertebrae which are fused into a single bone |
| lumbar vertebrae | The five vertebrae situated in the lower back which carry most of the weight of the torso |
| latissimus dorsi | The large muscle of the back |
| gluteus maximus | The large muscle of the buttocks |
| ilium | The lateral flaring portion of the hip bone; upper of three parts of the hip |
| ischium | The lower part of the hip bone |
| agonist | The muscle(s) that produces the movement |
| antagonist | The muscle(s) that relaxes in order to allow a movement |
| joints | The place(s) at which twoo bones meet |
| axis | The second cervical vertebra which provides rotation of the skull |
| cervical vertebrae | The seven vertebrae which form the skeletal framework of the neck |
| diaphysis | The shaft of long main portion of the bone |
| coccyx | The tail of the vertevral column consisting of four or five fused vertebrae (tailbone) |
| pubis | The third portion of the hipbone that is situated in front of the bladder |
| thoracic vertebrae | The twelve vertebrae which support the chest and serve as a point of articulation for the ribs |
| vertebrae | The twenty-six bones which make up the adult vertebral column |
| osteoclasis | To break a bone for theraputic purposes |
| strain | To exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usually muscular |
| calcium supplements | Treat and prevent hypocalcemia |
| gold salts | Treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system |
| ganglion cyst | Tumour of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist |
| pronation | Turns the palm down |
| supination | Turns the palm up |
| electromyography | Use of electrical stimulation to record the strength ofo muscle contraction |
| traction | Use of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fracture and facillitate the healing process |
| arthroscopy | Visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible fiber optic scope called an arthroscope that contains a magnifying lens, fiber optic light and a miniature camera that projects images on a monitor |
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