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AP Gov - Ch. 3
Federalism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| unitary system | a centralized government system in which local or subdivisional governments exercise only those powers given to them by the central government |
| confederal system | a league of independent sovereign states, joined together by a central government that has only limited powers over them |
| division of powers | a basic principle of federalism established by the U.S. Constitution, by which powers are divided between the federal and state governments |
| expressed powers | Constitutional powers that are expressly provided for by the U.S. Constitution |
| implied powers | the powers of the federal government that are implied by the expressed powers in the Constitution, particularly in Article, Section 8 |
| necessary and proper clause | Article I, Section 8, Clause 18, of the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to make all laws "necessary and proper for the federal government to carry out its responsibilities; also called the elastic clause |
| inherent powers | the powers of the national government that, although not always expressly granted by the Constitution, are necessary to ensure the nation's integrity and survival as a political entity |
| police powers | the powers of a government body that enable it to create laws for the protection of the health, morals, safety, and welfare of the people |
| concurrent powers | powers held by both the federal and state governments in a federal system |
| supremacy clause | Article 4, Clause 2 of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, which makes the Constitution and federal laws superior to all conflicted state and local laws |
| secession | the act of formally withdrawing from membership in an alliance |
| dual federalism | a system of government in which the federal and state governments maintain diverse but sovereign powers |
| cooperative federalism | the theory that the states and federal government should cooperate in solving problems |
| New Deal | the policies ushered in by the Roosevelt administration in 1933 in an attempt to bring the United States out of the Great Depression |
| preemtion | a doctrine rooted in the supremacy clause of the Constitution that provides that national laws or regulation governing a certain area take precedence over conflicting state laws or regulations governing the same area |
| new federalism | a plan to limit the federal government's role in regulating state governments and to give the states increased power to decide how they should spend government revenues |
| devolution | the surrender of transfer of powers to local authorities by a central government |
| federal mandate | a requirement in federal legislation that forces states and municipalities to comply with certain rules |
| fiscal federalism | the allocation of taxes collected by one level of government to another level |
| categorical grant | a federal grant targeted for a specific purpose as defined by federal law |
| block grant | a federal grant given to a state for a broad area |
| competitive federalism | a model of federalism devised by Thomas R. Dye in which a state and local governments compete for businesses and citizens, who in effect "vote with their feet" by moving to jurisdictions that offer a competitive advantage |
Created by:
bquon
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